The Json type represents valid json syntax. It cannot be directly analyzed, however it can be turned into a Builder via toBuilder, a (lazy) ByteString via toJsonBS or toJsonLBS, or used as a component of a json Array or json Object using element or row.

The Value typeclass represents types that can be rendered into valid json syntax.

this renders as Json's null value.

The Array type represents syntax for a json array. It has been given a singleton constructor element and an instance of Monoid, so that mempty represents the empty array and mappend concatinates two arrays. Arbitrary arrays can be constructed using these operators.

The element function constructs a json array consisting of exactly one value. These arrays can be concatinated using mappend.

The Object type represents syntax for a json object. It has a singleton constructor row, and an instance of Monoid, so that mempty represents the empty object and mappend concatinates two objects. Arbitrary objects can be constructed using these operators.

Note that duplicate field names will appear in the output, so it is up to the user of this interface to avoid duplicate field names.

The row function constructs a json object consisting of exactly one field. These objects can be concatinated using mappend.

The Escaped type represents json string syntax. The purpose of this type is so that json strings can be efficiently constructed from multiple Haskell strings without superfluous conversions or concatinations.

Internally, it is just a Builder value which must produce a UTF-8 encoded bytestring with backslashes, quotes, and control characters appropriately escaped. It also must not render the opening or closing quote, which are instead rendered by toJson.

The JsString typeclass represents types that can be render into json string syntax. They are special because only strings can appear as field names of json objects.

The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following laws:

• mappend mempty x = x

• mappend x mempty = x

• mappend x (mappend y z) = mappend (mappend x y) z

• mconcat = foldr mappend mempty

The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances.

Minimal complete definition: mempty and mappend.

Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product.