vkCreateSharedSwapchainsKHR - Create multiple swapchains that share presentable images

Parameters

• device is the device to create the swapchains for.

• swapchainCount is the number of swapchains to create.
• pCreateInfos is a pointer to an array of SwapchainCreateInfoKHR structures specifying the parameters of the created swapchains.
• pAllocator is the allocator used for host memory allocated for the swapchain objects when there is no more specific allocator available (see Memory Allocation).
• pSwapchains is a pointer to an array of SwapchainKHR handles in which the created swapchain objects will be returned.

Description

createSharedSwapchainsKHR is similar to createSwapchainKHR, except that it takes an array of SwapchainCreateInfoKHR structures, and returns an array of swapchain objects.

The swapchain creation parameters that affect the properties and number of presentable images must match between all the swapchains. If the displays used by any of the swapchains do not use the same presentable image layout or are incompatible in a way that prevents sharing images, swapchain creation will fail with the result code ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DISPLAY_KHR. If any error occurs, no swapchains will be created. Images presented to multiple swapchains must be re-acquired from all of them before transitioning away from IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR. After destroying one or more of the swapchains, the remaining swapchains and the presentable images can continue to be used.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

• device must be a valid Device handle

• pCreateInfos must be a valid pointer to an array of swapchainCount valid SwapchainCreateInfoKHR structures
• If pAllocator is not NULL, pAllocator must be a valid pointer to a valid AllocationCallbacks structure
• pSwapchains must be a valid pointer to an array of swapchainCount SwapchainKHR handles
• swapchainCount must be greater than 0

Host Synchronization

• Host access to pCreateInfos[].surface must be externally synchronized

• Host access to pCreateInfos[].oldSwapchain must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

• SUCCESS

Failure

• ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY
• ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY
• ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DISPLAY_KHR
• ERROR_DEVICE_LOST
• ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR

See Also

AllocationCallbacks, Device, SwapchainCreateInfoKHR, SwapchainKHR

VkDisplayPresentInfoKHR - Structure describing parameters of a queue presentation to a swapchain

Description

If the extent of the srcRect and dstRect are not equal, the presented pixels will be scaled accordingly.

Valid Usage

• srcRect must specify a rectangular region that is a subset of the image being presented

• dstRect must specify a rectangular region that is a subset of the visibleRegion parameter of the display mode the swapchain being presented uses
• If the persistentContent member of the DisplayPropertiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceDisplayPropertiesKHR for the display the present operation targets then persistent must be FALSE

Valid Usage (Implicit)

• sType must be STRUCTURE_TYPE_DISPLAY_PRESENT_INFO_KHR

See Also

Bool32, Rect2D, StructureType

VkSurfaceKHR - Opaque handle to a surface object

Description

The VK_KHR_surface extension declares the SurfaceKHR object, and provides a function for destroying SurfaceKHR objects. Separate platform-specific extensions each provide a function for creating a SurfaceKHR object for the respective platform. From the application’s perspective this is an opaque handle, just like the handles of other Vulkan objects.

See Also

PhysicalDeviceSurfaceInfo2KHR, SwapchainCreateInfoKHR, createAndroidSurfaceKHR, createDisplayPlaneSurfaceKHR, createHeadlessSurfaceEXT, createIOSSurfaceMVK, createImagePipeSurfaceFUCHSIA, createMacOSSurfaceMVK, createMetalSurfaceEXT, createStreamDescriptorSurfaceGGP, createViSurfaceNN, createWaylandSurfaceKHR, createWin32SurfaceKHR, createXcbSurfaceKHR, createXlibSurfaceKHR, destroySurfaceKHR, getDeviceGroupSurfacePresentModesKHR, getPhysicalDevicePresentRectanglesKHR, getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities2EXT, getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR, getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR, getPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR, getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR

VkSwapchainKHR - Opaque handle to a swapchain object

Description

A swapchain is an abstraction for an array of presentable images that are associated with a surface. The presentable images are represented by Image objects created by the platform. One image (which can be an array image for multiview/stereoscopic-3D surfaces) is displayed at a time, but multiple images can be queued for presentation. An application renders to the image, and then queues the image for presentation to the surface.

A native window cannot be associated with more than one non-retired swapchain at a time. Further, swapchains cannot be created for native windows that have a non-Vulkan graphics API surface associated with them.

Note

The presentation engine is an abstraction for the platform’s compositor or display engine.

The presentation engine may be synchronous or asynchronous with respect to the application and/or logical device.

Some implementations may use the device’s graphics queue or dedicated presentation hardware to perform presentation.

The presentable images of a swapchain are owned by the presentation engine. An application can acquire use of a presentable image from the presentation engine. Use of a presentable image must occur only after the image is returned by acquireNextImageKHR, and before it is presented by queuePresentKHR. This includes transitioning the image layout and rendering commands.

An application can acquire use of a presentable image with acquireNextImageKHR. After acquiring a presentable image and before modifying it, the application must use a synchronization primitive to ensure that the presentation engine has finished reading from the image. The application can then transition the image’s layout, queue rendering commands to it, etc. Finally, the application presents the image with queuePresentKHR, which releases the acquisition of the image.

The presentation engine controls the order in which presentable images are acquired for use by the application.

Note

This allows the platform to handle situations which require out-of-order return of images after presentation. At the same time, it allows the application to generate command buffers referencing all of the images in the swapchain at initialization time, rather than in its main loop.

See Also

AcquireNextImageInfoKHR, BindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR, ImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR, PresentInfoKHR, SwapchainCreateInfoKHR, acquireFullScreenExclusiveModeEXT, acquireNextImageKHR, createSharedSwapchainsKHR, createSwapchainKHR, destroySwapchainKHR, getPastPresentationTimingGOOGLE, getRefreshCycleDurationGOOGLE, getSwapchainCounterEXT, getSwapchainImagesKHR, getSwapchainStatusKHR, releaseFullScreenExclusiveModeEXT, setHdrMetadataEXT, setLocalDimmingAMD

VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR - Structure specifying parameters of a newly created swapchain object

Description

Note

On some platforms, it is normal that maxImageExtent may become (0, 0), for example when the window is minimized. In such a case, it is not possible to create a swapchain due to the Valid Usage requirements.

• imageArrayLayers is the number of views in a multiview/stereo surface. For non-stereoscopic-3D applications, this value is 1.
• imageUsage is a bitmask of ImageUsageFlagBits describing the intended usage of the (acquired) swapchain images.
• imageSharingMode is the sharing mode used for the image(s) of the swapchain.
• queueFamilyIndexCount is the number of queue families having access to the image(s) of the swapchain when imageSharingMode is SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT.
• pQueueFamilyIndices is a pointer to an array of queue family indices having access to the images(s) of the swapchain when imageSharingMode is SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT.
• preTransform is a SurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR value describing the transform, relative to the presentation engine’s natural orientation, applied to the image content prior to presentation. If it does not match the currentTransform value returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR, the presentation engine will transform the image content as part of the presentation operation.
• compositeAlpha is a CompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR value indicating the alpha compositing mode to use when this surface is composited together with other surfaces on certain window systems.
• presentMode is the presentation mode the swapchain will use. A swapchain’s present mode determines how incoming present requests will be processed and queued internally.

• clipped specifies whether the Vulkan implementation is allowed to discard rendering operations that affect regions of the surface that are not visible.

  • If set to TRUE, the presentable images associated with the swapchain may not own all of their pixels. Pixels in the presentable images that correspond to regions of the target surface obscured by another window on the desktop, or subject to some other clipping mechanism will have undefined content when read back. Fragment shaders may not execute for these pixels, and thus any side effects they would have had will not occur. TRUE value does not guarantee any clipping will occur, but allows more optimal presentation methods to be used on some platforms.
  • If set to FALSE, presentable images associated with the swapchain will own all of the pixels they contain.

Note

Applications should set this value to TRUE if they do not expect to read back the content of presentable images before presenting them or after reacquiring them, and if their fragment shaders do not have any side effects that require them to run for all pixels in the presentable image.

• oldSwapchain is NULL_HANDLE, or the existing non-retired swapchain currently associated with surface. Providing a valid oldSwapchain may aid in the resource reuse, and also allows the application to still present any images that are already acquired from it.

Upon calling createSwapchainKHR with an oldSwapchain that is not NULL_HANDLE, oldSwapchain is retired — even if creation of the new swapchain fails. The new swapchain is created in the non-retired state whether or not oldSwapchain is NULL_HANDLE.

Upon calling createSwapchainKHR with an oldSwapchain that is not NULL_HANDLE, any images from oldSwapchain that are not acquired by the application may be freed by the implementation, which may occur even if creation of the new swapchain fails. The application can destroy oldSwapchain to free all memory associated with oldSwapchain.

Note

Multiple retired swapchains can be associated with the same SurfaceKHR through multiple uses of oldSwapchain that outnumber calls to destroySwapchainKHR.

After oldSwapchain is retired, the application can pass to queuePresentKHR any images it had already acquired from oldSwapchain. E.g., an application may present an image from the old swapchain before an image from the new swapchain is ready to be presented. As usual, queuePresentKHR may fail if oldSwapchain has entered a state that causes ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR to be returned.

The application can continue to use a shared presentable image obtained from oldSwapchain until a presentable image is acquired from the new swapchain, as long as it has not entered a state that causes it to return ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR.

Valid Usage

• surface must be a surface that is supported by the device as determined using getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR

• minImageCount must be less than or equal to the value returned in the maxImageCount member of the SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR for the surface if the returned maxImageCount is not zero
• If presentMode is not PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_DEMAND_REFRESH_KHR nor PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_CONTINUOUS_REFRESH_KHR, then minImageCount must be greater than or equal to the value returned in the minImageCount member of the SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR for the surface
• minImageCount must be 1 if presentMode is either PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_DEMAND_REFRESH_KHR or PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_CONTINUOUS_REFRESH_KHR
• imageFormat and imageColorSpace must match the format and colorSpace members, respectively, of one of the SurfaceFormatKHR structures returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR for the surface
• imageExtent must be between minImageExtent and maxImageExtent, inclusive, where minImageExtent and maxImageExtent are members of the SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR for the surface
• imageExtent members width and height must both be non-zero
• imageArrayLayers must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to the maxImageArrayLayers member of the SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR for the surface
• If presentMode is PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR, PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR, PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR or PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR, imageUsage must be a subset of the supported usage flags present in the supportedUsageFlags member of the SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR for surface
• If presentMode is PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_DEMAND_REFRESH_KHR or PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_CONTINUOUS_REFRESH_KHR, imageUsage must be a subset of the supported usage flags present in the sharedPresentSupportedUsageFlags member of the SharedPresentSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities2KHR for surface
• If imageSharingMode is SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT, pQueueFamilyIndices must be a valid pointer to an array of queueFamilyIndexCount uint32_t values
• If imageSharingMode is SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT, queueFamilyIndexCount must be greater than 1
• If imageSharingMode is SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT, each element of pQueueFamilyIndices must be unique and must be less than pQueueFamilyPropertyCount returned by either getPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties or getPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 for the physicalDevice that was used to create device
• preTransform must be one of the bits present in the supportedTransforms member of the SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR for the surface
• compositeAlpha must be one of the bits present in the supportedCompositeAlpha member of the SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR for the surface
• presentMode must be one of the PresentModeKHR values returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR for the surface
• If the logical device was created with DeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo::physicalDeviceCount equal to 1, flags must not contain SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT_KHR
• If oldSwapchain is not NULL_HANDLE, oldSwapchain must be a non-retired swapchain associated with native window referred to by surface
• The implied image creation parameters of the swapchain must be supported as reported by getPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties
• If flags contains SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT_KHR then the pNext chain must include a ImageFormatListCreateInfo structure with a viewFormatCount greater than zero and pViewFormats must have an element equal to imageFormat
• If flags contains SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT_KHR, then SurfaceProtectedCapabilitiesKHR::supportsProtected must be TRUE in the SurfaceProtectedCapabilitiesKHR structure returned by getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities2KHR for surface
• If the pNext chain includes a SurfaceFullScreenExclusiveInfoEXT structure with its fullScreenExclusive member set to FULL_SCREEN_EXCLUSIVE_APPLICATION_CONTROLLED_EXT, and surface was created using createWin32SurfaceKHR, a SurfaceFullScreenExclusiveWin32InfoEXT structure must be included in the pNext chain

Valid Usage (Implicit)

• sType must be STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR

• Each pNext member of any structure (including this one) in the pNext chain must be either NULL or a pointer to a valid instance of DeviceGroupSwapchainCreateInfoKHR, ImageFormatListCreateInfo, SurfaceFullScreenExclusiveInfoEXT, SurfaceFullScreenExclusiveWin32InfoEXT, SwapchainCounterCreateInfoEXT, or SwapchainDisplayNativeHdrCreateInfoAMD
• The sType value of each struct in the pNext chain must be unique
• flags must be a valid combination of SwapchainCreateFlagBitsKHR values
• surface must be a valid SurfaceKHR handle
• imageFormat must be a valid Format value
• imageColorSpace must be a valid ColorSpaceKHR value
• imageUsage must be a valid combination of ImageUsageFlagBits values
• imageUsage must not be 0
• imageSharingMode must be a valid SharingMode value
• preTransform must be a valid SurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR value
• compositeAlpha must be a valid CompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR value
• presentMode must be a valid PresentModeKHR value
• If oldSwapchain is not NULL_HANDLE, oldSwapchain must be a valid SwapchainKHR handle
• If oldSwapchain is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from surface
• Both of oldSwapchain, and surface that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same Instance

See Also

Bool32, ColorSpaceKHR, CompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR, Extent2D, Format, ImageUsageFlags, PresentModeKHR, SharingMode, StructureType, SurfaceKHR, SurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR, SwapchainCreateFlagsKHR, SwapchainKHR, createSharedSwapchainsKHR, createSwapchainKHR

VkPresentModeKHR - presentation mode supported for a surface

Description

The supported ImageUsageFlagBits of the presentable images of a swapchain created for a surface may differ depending on the presentation mode, and can be determined as per the table below:

Presentable image usage queries

Note

For reference, the mode indicated by PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR is equivalent to the behavior of {wgl|glX|egl}SwapBuffers with a swap interval of 1, while the mode indicated by PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR is equivalent to the behavior of {wgl|glX}SwapBuffers with a swap interval of -1 (from the {WGL|GLX}_EXT_swap_control_tear extensions).

See Also

SwapchainCreateInfoKHR, getPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModes2EXT, getPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR

VkColorSpaceKHR - supported color space of the presentation engine

Description

Note

In the initial release of the VK_KHR_surface and https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/html/vkspec.html#VK_KHR_swapchain extensions, the token VK_COLORSPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR was used. Starting in the 2016-05-13 updates to the extension branches, matching release 1.0.13 of the core API specification, COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR is used instead for consistency with Vulkan naming rules. The older enum is still available for backwards compatibility.

Note

In older versions of this extension COLOR_SPACE_DISPLAY_P3_LINEAR_EXT was misnamed COLOR_SPACE_DCI_P3_LINEAR_EXT. This has been updated to indicate that it uses RGB color encoding, not XYZ. The old name is deprecated but is maintained for backwards compatibility.

The color components of non-linear color space swap chain images must have had the appropriate transfer function applied. The color space selected for the swap chain image will not affect the processing of data written into the image by the implementation. Vulkan requires that all implementations support the sRGB transfer function by use of an SRGB pixel format. Other transfer functions, such as SMPTE 170M or SMPTE2084, can be performed by the application shader. This extension defines enums for ColorSpaceKHR that correspond to the following color spaces:

Color Spaces and Attributes

The transfer functions are described in the “Transfer Functions” chapter of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

Except Display-P3 OETF, which is:

[begin{aligned} E & = begin{cases} 1.055 times L^{1 over 2.4} - 0.055 & text{for} 0.0030186 leq L leq 1 -- 12.92 times L & text{for} 0 leq L < 0.0030186

VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR - alpha compositing modes supported on a device

Description

These values are described as follows:

See Also

CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR, SwapchainCreateInfoKHR

VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR - presentation transforms supported on a device

See Also

CommandBufferInheritanceRenderPassTransformInfoQCOM, DisplaySurfaceCreateInfoKHR, RenderPassTransformBeginInfoQCOM, SurfaceCapabilities2EXT, SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR, SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR, SwapchainCreateInfoKHR

VkSwapchainCreateFlagBitsKHR - Bitmask controlling swapchain creation

See Also

SwapchainCreateFlagsKHR