Safe Haskell | None |
---|---|
Language | Haskell2010 |
Deprecated: This module is provided as documentation of all new functions, you should import the more specific modules directly.
This module documents all the functions available in this package.
Most users should import the specific modules (e.g. Data.List.Extra
), which
also reexport their non-Extra
modules (e.g. Data.List
).
Synopsis
- withNumCapabilities :: Int -> IO a -> IO a
- once :: IO a -> IO (IO a)
- onceFork :: IO a -> IO (IO a)
- data Lock
- newLock :: IO Lock
- withLock :: Lock -> IO a -> IO a
- withLockTry :: Lock -> IO a -> IO (Maybe a)
- data Var a
- newVar :: a -> IO (Var a)
- readVar :: Var a -> IO a
- writeVar :: Var a -> a -> IO ()
- writeVar' :: Var a -> a -> IO ()
- modifyVar :: Var a -> (a -> IO (a, b)) -> IO b
- modifyVar' :: Var a -> (a -> IO (a, b)) -> IO b
- modifyVar_ :: Var a -> (a -> IO a) -> IO ()
- modifyVar_' :: Var a -> (a -> IO a) -> IO ()
- withVar :: Var a -> (a -> IO b) -> IO b
- data Barrier a
- newBarrier :: IO (Barrier a)
- signalBarrier :: Partial => Barrier a -> a -> IO ()
- waitBarrier :: Barrier a -> IO a
- waitBarrierMaybe :: Barrier a -> IO (Maybe a)
- type Partial = HasCallStack
- retry :: Int -> IO a -> IO a
- retryBool :: Exception e => (e -> Bool) -> Int -> IO a -> IO a
- errorWithoutStackTrace :: forall (r :: RuntimeRep) (a :: TYPE r). [Char] -> a
- showException :: Show e => e -> IO String
- stringException :: String -> IO String
- errorIO :: Partial => String -> IO a
- assertIO :: Partial => Bool -> IO ()
- ignore :: IO () -> IO ()
- catch_ :: IO a -> (SomeException -> IO a) -> IO a
- handle_ :: (SomeException -> IO a) -> IO a -> IO a
- try_ :: IO a -> IO (Either SomeException a)
- catchJust_ :: (SomeException -> Maybe b) -> IO a -> (b -> IO a) -> IO a
- handleJust_ :: (SomeException -> Maybe b) -> (b -> IO a) -> IO a -> IO a
- tryJust_ :: (SomeException -> Maybe b) -> IO a -> IO (Either b a)
- catchBool :: Exception e => (e -> Bool) -> IO a -> (e -> IO a) -> IO a
- handleBool :: Exception e => (e -> Bool) -> (e -> IO a) -> IO a -> IO a
- tryBool :: Exception e => (e -> Bool) -> IO a -> IO (Either e a)
- whenJust :: Applicative m => Maybe a -> (a -> m ()) -> m ()
- whenJustM :: Monad m => m (Maybe a) -> (a -> m ()) -> m ()
- pureIf :: Alternative m => Bool -> a -> m a
- whenMaybe :: Applicative m => Bool -> m a -> m (Maybe a)
- whenMaybeM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m a -> m (Maybe a)
- unit :: m () -> m ()
- maybeM :: Monad m => m b -> (a -> m b) -> m (Maybe a) -> m b
- fromMaybeM :: Monad m => m a -> m (Maybe a) -> m a
- eitherM :: Monad m => (a -> m c) -> (b -> m c) -> m (Either a b) -> m c
- loop :: (a -> Either a b) -> a -> b
- loopM :: Monad m => (a -> m (Either a b)) -> a -> m b
- whileM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m ()
- whileJustM :: (Monad m, Monoid a) => m (Maybe a) -> m a
- untilJustM :: Monad m => m (Maybe a) -> m a
- partitionM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> [a] -> m ([a], [a])
- concatMapM :: Monad m => (a -> m [b]) -> [a] -> m [b]
- concatForM :: Monad m => [a] -> (a -> m [b]) -> m [b]
- mconcatMapM :: (Monad m, Monoid b) => (a -> m b) -> [a] -> m b
- mapMaybeM :: Monad m => (a -> m (Maybe b)) -> [a] -> m [b]
- findM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> [a] -> m (Maybe a)
- firstJustM :: Monad m => (a -> m (Maybe b)) -> [a] -> m (Maybe b)
- fold1M :: (Partial, Monad m) => (a -> a -> m a) -> [a] -> m a
- fold1M_ :: (Partial, Monad m) => (a -> a -> m a) -> [a] -> m ()
- whenM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m () -> m ()
- unlessM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m () -> m ()
- ifM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m a -> m a -> m a
- notM :: Functor m => m Bool -> m Bool
- (||^) :: Monad m => m Bool -> m Bool -> m Bool
- (&&^) :: Monad m => m Bool -> m Bool -> m Bool
- orM :: Monad m => [m Bool] -> m Bool
- andM :: Monad m => [m Bool] -> m Bool
- anyM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> [a] -> m Bool
- allM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> [a] -> m Bool
- fromLeft :: a -> Either a b -> a
- fromRight :: b -> Either a b -> b
- fromEither :: Either a a -> a
- fromLeft' :: Partial => Either l r -> l
- fromRight' :: Partial => Either l r -> r
- eitherToMaybe :: Either a b -> Maybe b
- maybeToEither :: a -> Maybe b -> Either a b
- mapLeft :: (a -> c) -> Either a b -> Either c b
- mapRight :: (b -> c) -> Either a b -> Either a c
- writeIORef' :: IORef a -> a -> IO ()
- atomicWriteIORef' :: IORef a -> a -> IO ()
- atomicModifyIORef_ :: IORef a -> (a -> a) -> IO ()
- atomicModifyIORef'_ :: IORef a -> (a -> a) -> IO ()
- lower :: String -> String
- upper :: String -> String
- trim :: String -> String
- trimStart :: String -> String
- trimEnd :: String -> String
- word1 :: String -> (String, String)
- line1 :: String -> (String, String)
- escapeHTML :: String -> String
- escapeJSON :: String -> String
- unescapeHTML :: String -> String
- unescapeJSON :: String -> String
- dropEnd :: Int -> [a] -> [a]
- takeEnd :: Int -> [a] -> [a]
- splitAtEnd :: Int -> [a] -> ([a], [a])
- breakEnd :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> ([a], [a])
- spanEnd :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> ([a], [a])
- dropWhileEnd' :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [a]
- takeWhileEnd :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [a]
- stripSuffix :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Maybe [a]
- stripInfix :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Maybe ([a], [a])
- stripInfixEnd :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Maybe ([a], [a])
- dropPrefix :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
- dropSuffix :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
- wordsBy :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]]
- linesBy :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]]
- breakOn :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> ([a], [a])
- breakOnEnd :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> ([a], [a])
- splitOn :: (Partial, Eq a) => [a] -> [a] -> [[a]]
- split :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]]
- chunksOf :: Partial => Int -> [a] -> [[a]]
- headDef :: a -> [a] -> a
- lastDef :: a -> [a] -> a
- (!?) :: [a] -> Int -> Maybe a
- notNull :: [a] -> Bool
- list :: b -> (a -> [a] -> b) -> [a] -> b
- unsnoc :: [a] -> Maybe ([a], a)
- cons :: a -> [a] -> [a]
- snoc :: [a] -> a -> [a]
- drop1 :: [a] -> [a]
- dropEnd1 :: [a] -> [a]
- mconcatMap :: Monoid b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> b
- compareLength :: (Ord b, Num b, Foldable f) => f a -> b -> Ordering
- comparingLength :: (Foldable f1, Foldable f2) => f1 a -> f2 b -> Ordering
- enumerate :: (Enum a, Bounded a) => [a]
- groupSort :: Ord k => [(k, v)] -> [(k, [v])]
- groupSortOn :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [[a]]
- groupSortBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [[a]]
- nubOrd :: Ord a => [a] -> [a]
- nubOrdBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [a]
- nubOrdOn :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [a]
- nubOn :: Eq b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [a]
- groupOn :: Eq b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [[a]]
- nubSort :: Ord a => [a] -> [a]
- nubSortBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [a]
- nubSortOn :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [a]
- maximumOn :: (Partial, Ord b) => (a -> b) -> [a] -> a
- minimumOn :: (Partial, Ord b) => (a -> b) -> [a] -> a
- sum' :: Num a => [a] -> a
- product' :: Num a => [a] -> a
- sumOn' :: Num b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> b
- productOn' :: Num b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> b
- disjoint :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Bool
- disjointOrd :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> Bool
- disjointOrdBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [a] -> Bool
- allSame :: Eq a => [a] -> Bool
- anySame :: Eq a => [a] -> Bool
- repeatedly :: ([a] -> (b, [a])) -> [a] -> [b]
- firstJust :: (a -> Maybe b) -> [a] -> Maybe b
- concatUnzip :: [([a], [b])] -> ([a], [b])
- concatUnzip3 :: [([a], [b], [c])] -> ([a], [b], [c])
- zipFrom :: Enum a => a -> [b] -> [(a, b)]
- zipWithFrom :: Enum a => (a -> b -> c) -> a -> [b] -> [c]
- zipWithLongest :: (Maybe a -> Maybe b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c]
- replace :: (Partial, Eq a) => [a] -> [a] -> [a] -> [a]
- merge :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
- mergeBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [a] -> [a]
- (|:) :: [a] -> a -> NonEmpty a
- (|>) :: NonEmpty a -> a -> NonEmpty a
- appendl :: NonEmpty a -> [a] -> NonEmpty a
- appendr :: [a] -> NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty a
- maximum1 :: Ord a => NonEmpty a -> a
- minimum1 :: Ord a => NonEmpty a -> a
- maximumBy1 :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> NonEmpty a -> a
- minimumBy1 :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> NonEmpty a -> a
- maximumOn1 :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> NonEmpty a -> a
- minimumOn1 :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> NonEmpty a -> a
- first :: (a -> a') -> (a, b) -> (a', b)
- second :: (b -> b') -> (a, b) -> (a, b')
- (***) :: (a -> a') -> (b -> b') -> (a, b) -> (a', b')
- (&&&) :: (a -> b) -> (a -> c) -> a -> (b, c)
- dupe :: a -> (a, a)
- both :: (a -> b) -> (a, a) -> (b, b)
- firstM :: Functor m => (a -> m a') -> (a, b) -> m (a', b)
- secondM :: Functor m => (b -> m b') -> (a, b) -> m (a, b')
- fst3 :: (a, b, c) -> a
- snd3 :: (a, b, c) -> b
- thd3 :: (a, b, c) -> c
- first3 :: (a -> a') -> (a, b, c) -> (a', b, c)
- second3 :: (b -> b') -> (a, b, c) -> (a, b', c)
- third3 :: (c -> c') -> (a, b, c) -> (a, b, c')
- curry3 :: ((a, b, c) -> d) -> a -> b -> c -> d
- uncurry3 :: (a -> b -> c -> d) -> (a, b, c) -> d
- readVersion :: Partial => String -> Version
- showDP :: RealFloat a => Int -> a -> String
- intToDouble :: Int -> Double
- intToFloat :: Int -> Float
- floatToDouble :: Float -> Double
- doubleToFloat :: Double -> Float
- withCurrentDirectory :: FilePath -> IO a -> IO a
- createDirectoryPrivate :: String -> IO ()
- listContents :: FilePath -> IO [FilePath]
- listDirectories :: FilePath -> IO [FilePath]
- listFiles :: FilePath -> IO [FilePath]
- listFilesInside :: (FilePath -> IO Bool) -> FilePath -> IO [FilePath]
- listFilesRecursive :: FilePath -> IO [FilePath]
- isWindows :: Bool
- isMac :: Bool
- captureOutput :: IO a -> IO (String, a)
- withBuffering :: Handle -> BufferMode -> IO a -> IO a
- readFileEncoding :: TextEncoding -> FilePath -> IO String
- readFileUTF8 :: FilePath -> IO String
- readFileBinary :: FilePath -> IO String
- readFile' :: FilePath -> IO String
- readFileEncoding' :: TextEncoding -> FilePath -> IO String
- readFileUTF8' :: FilePath -> IO String
- readFileBinary' :: FilePath -> IO String
- writeFileEncoding :: TextEncoding -> FilePath -> String -> IO ()
- writeFileUTF8 :: FilePath -> String -> IO ()
- writeFileBinary :: FilePath -> String -> IO ()
- withTempFile :: (FilePath -> IO a) -> IO a
- withTempDir :: (FilePath -> IO a) -> IO a
- newTempFile :: IO (FilePath, IO ())
- newTempDir :: IO (FilePath, IO ())
- newTempFileWithin :: FilePath -> IO (FilePath, IO ())
- newTempDirWithin :: FilePath -> IO (FilePath, IO ())
- fileEq :: FilePath -> FilePath -> IO Bool
- system_ :: Partial => String -> IO ()
- systemOutput :: String -> IO (ExitCode, String)
- systemOutput_ :: Partial => String -> IO String
- type Seconds = Double
- sleep :: Seconds -> IO ()
- timeout :: Seconds -> IO a -> IO (Maybe a)
- showDuration :: Seconds -> String
- offsetTime :: IO (IO Seconds)
- offsetTimeIncrease :: IO (IO Seconds)
- duration :: MonadIO m => m a -> m (Seconds, a)
Control.Concurrent.Extra
Extra functions available in Control.Concurrent.Extra
.
withNumCapabilities :: Int -> IO a -> IO a Source #
On GHC 7.6 and above with the -threaded
flag, brackets a call to setNumCapabilities
.
On lower versions (which lack setNumCapabilities
) this function just runs the argument action.
once :: IO a -> IO (IO a) Source #
Given an action, produce a wrapped action that runs at most once. If the function raises an exception, the same exception will be reraised each time.
let x ||| y = do t1 <- onceFork x; t2 <- onceFork y; t1; t2 \(x :: IO Int) -> void (once x) == pure () \(x :: IO Int) -> join (once x) == x \(x :: IO Int) -> (do y <- once x; y; y) == x \(x :: IO Int) -> (do y <- once x; y ||| y) == x
onceFork :: IO a -> IO (IO a) Source #
Like once
, but immediately starts running the computation on a background thread.
\(x :: IO Int) -> join (onceFork x) == x \(x :: IO Int) -> (do a <- onceFork x; a; a) == x
Like an MVar
, but has no value.
Used to guarantee single-threaded access, typically to some system resource.
As an example:
lock <-newLock
let output =withLock
lock . putStrLn forkIO $ do ...; output "hello" forkIO $ do ...; output "world"
Here we are creating a lock to ensure that when writing output our messages
do not get interleaved. This use of MVar
never blocks on a put. It is permissible,
but rare, that a withLock contains a withLock inside it - but if so,
watch out for deadlocks.
Like an MVar
, but must always be full.
Used to operate on a mutable variable in a thread-safe way.
As an example:
hits <-newVar
0 forkIO $ do ...;modifyVar_
hits (+1); ... i <-readVar
hits print ("HITS",i)
Here we have a variable which we modify atomically, so modifications are
not interleaved. This use of MVar
never blocks on a put. No modifyVar
operation should ever block, and they should always complete in a reasonable
timeframe. A Var
should not be used to protect some external resource, only
the variable contained within. Information from a readVar
should not be subsequently
inserted back into the Var
.
modifyVar :: Var a -> (a -> IO (a, b)) -> IO b Source #
Modify a Var
producing a new value and a return result.
modifyVar' :: Var a -> (a -> IO (a, b)) -> IO b Source #
Strict variant of modifyVar'
modifyVar_' :: Var a -> (a -> IO a) -> IO () Source #
Strict variant of modifyVar_
Starts out empty, then is filled exactly once. As an example:
bar <-newBarrier
forkIO $ do ...; val <- ...;signalBarrier
bar val print =<<waitBarrier
bar
Here we create a barrier which will contain some computed value. A thread is forked to fill the barrier, while the main thread waits for it to complete. A barrier has similarities to a future or promise from other languages, has been known as an IVar in other Haskell work, and in some ways is like a manually managed thunk.
signalBarrier :: Partial => Barrier a -> a -> IO () Source #
Write a value into the Barrier, releasing anyone at waitBarrier
.
Any subsequent attempts to signal the Barrier
will throw an exception.
waitBarrier :: Barrier a -> IO a Source #
Wait until a barrier has been signaled with signalBarrier
.
waitBarrierMaybe :: Barrier a -> IO (Maybe a) Source #
A version of waitBarrier
that never blocks, returning Nothing
if the barrier has not yet been signaled.
Control.Exception.Extra
Extra functions available in Control.Exception.Extra
.
type Partial = HasCallStack Source #
A constraint which documents that a function is partial, and on GHC 8.0 and above produces a stack trace on failure. For example:
myHead :: Partial
=> [a] -> a
myHead [] = error "bad"
myHead (x:xs) = x
When using Partial
with GHC 7.8 or below you need to enable the
language feature ConstraintKinds
, e.g. {-# LANGUAGE ConstraintKinds #-}
at the top of the file.
retry :: Int -> IO a -> IO a Source #
Retry an operation at most n times (n must be positive). If the operation fails the nth time it will throw that final exception.
retry 1 (print "x") == print "x" retry 3 (fail "die") == fail "die"
retryBool :: Exception e => (e -> Bool) -> Int -> IO a -> IO a Source #
Retry an operation at most n times (n must be positive), while the exception value and type match a predicate. If the operation fails the nth time it will throw that final exception.
errorWithoutStackTrace :: forall (r :: RuntimeRep) (a :: TYPE r). [Char] -> a #
A variant of error
that does not produce a stack trace.
Since: base-4.9.0.0
showException :: Show e => e -> IO String Source #
Show a value, but if the result contains exceptions, produce
<Exception>
. Defined as
.
Particularly useful for printing exceptions to users, remembering that exceptions
can themselves contain undefined values.stringException
. show
stringException :: String -> IO String Source #
Fully evaluate an input String. If the String contains embedded exceptions it will produce <Exception>
.
stringException "test" == pure "test" stringException ("test" ++ undefined) == pure "test<Exception>" stringException ("test" ++ undefined ++ "hello") == pure "test<Exception>" stringException ['t','e','s','t',undefined] == pure "test<Exception>"
assertIO :: Partial => Bool -> IO () Source #
An IO
action that when evaluated calls assert
in the IO
monad, which throws an AssertionFailed
exception if the argument is False
.
With optimizations enabled (and -fgnore-asserts
) this function ignores its argument and does nothing.
catch (assertIO True >> pure 1) (\(x :: AssertionFailed) -> pure 2) == pure 1 seq (assertIO False) (print 1) == print 1
ignore :: IO () -> IO () Source #
Ignore any exceptions thrown by the action.
ignore (print 1) == print 1 ignore (fail "die") == pure ()
catch_ :: IO a -> (SomeException -> IO a) -> IO a Source #
A version of catch
without the Exception
context, restricted to SomeException
,
so catches all exceptions.
catchJust_ :: (SomeException -> Maybe b) -> IO a -> (b -> IO a) -> IO a Source #
handleJust_ :: (SomeException -> Maybe b) -> (b -> IO a) -> IO a -> IO a Source #
Like catch_
but for handleJust
catchBool :: Exception e => (e -> Bool) -> IO a -> (e -> IO a) -> IO a Source #
Catch an exception if the predicate passes, then call the handler with the original exception. As an example:
readFileExists x == catchBool isDoesNotExistError (readFile "myfile") (const $ pure "")
Control.Monad.Extra
Extra functions available in Control.Monad.Extra
.
whenJust :: Applicative m => Maybe a -> (a -> m ()) -> m () Source #
whenJustM :: Monad m => m (Maybe a) -> (a -> m ()) -> m () Source #
Like whenJust
, but where the test can be monadic.
pureIf :: Alternative m => Bool -> a -> m a Source #
whenMaybeM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m a -> m (Maybe a) Source #
Like whenMaybe
, but where the test can be monadic.
The identity function which requires the inner argument to be ()
. Useful for functions
with overloaded return types.
\(x :: Maybe ()) -> unit x == x
maybeM :: Monad m => m b -> (a -> m b) -> m (Maybe a) -> m b Source #
Monadic generalisation of maybe
.
eitherM :: Monad m => (a -> m c) -> (b -> m c) -> m (Either a b) -> m c Source #
Monadic generalisation of either
.
untilJustM :: Monad m => m (Maybe a) -> m a Source #
partitionM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> [a] -> m ([a], [a]) Source #
A version of partition
that works with a monadic predicate.
partitionM (Just . even) [1,2,3] == Just ([2], [1,3]) partitionM (const Nothing) [1,2,3] == Nothing
concatMapM :: Monad m => (a -> m [b]) -> [a] -> m [b] Source #
A version of concatMap
that works with a monadic predicate.
concatForM :: Monad m => [a] -> (a -> m [b]) -> m [b] Source #
Like concatMapM
, but has its arguments flipped, so can be used
instead of the common fmap concat $ forM
pattern.
mconcatMapM :: (Monad m, Monoid b) => (a -> m b) -> [a] -> m b Source #
A version of mconcatMap
that works with a monadic predicate.
mapMaybeM :: Monad m => (a -> m (Maybe b)) -> [a] -> m [b] Source #
A version of mapMaybe
that works with a monadic predicate.
findM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> [a] -> m (Maybe a) Source #
Like find
, but where the test can be monadic.
findM (Just . isUpper) "teST" == Just (Just 'S') findM (Just . isUpper) "test" == Just Nothing findM (Just . const True) ["x",undefined] == Just (Just "x")
firstJustM :: Monad m => (a -> m (Maybe b)) -> [a] -> m (Maybe b) Source #
Like findM
, but also allows you to compute some additional information in the predicate.
fold1M :: (Partial, Monad m) => (a -> a -> m a) -> [a] -> m a Source #
A variant of foldM
that has no base case, and thus may only be applied to non-empty lists.
fold1M (\x y -> Just x) [] == undefined fold1M (\x y -> Just $ x + y) [1, 2, 3] == Just 6
fold1M_ :: (Partial, Monad m) => (a -> a -> m a) -> [a] -> m () Source #
Like fold1M
but discards the result.
unlessM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m () -> m () Source #
Like unless
, but where the test can be monadic.
orM :: Monad m => [m Bool] -> m Bool Source #
A version of or
lifted to a monad. Retains the short-circuiting behaviour.
orM [Just False,Just True ,undefined] == Just True orM [Just False,Just False,undefined] == undefined \xs -> Just (or xs) == orM (map Just xs)
andM :: Monad m => [m Bool] -> m Bool Source #
A version of and
lifted to a monad. Retains the short-circuiting behaviour.
andM [Just True,Just False,undefined] == Just False andM [Just True,Just True ,undefined] == undefined \xs -> Just (and xs) == andM (map Just xs)
anyM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> [a] -> m Bool Source #
A version of any
lifted to a monad. Retains the short-circuiting behaviour.
anyM Just [False,True ,undefined] == Just True anyM Just [False,False,undefined] == undefined \(f :: Int -> Maybe Bool) xs -> anyM f xs == orM (map f xs)
allM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> [a] -> m Bool Source #
A version of all
lifted to a monad. Retains the short-circuiting behaviour.
allM Just [True,False,undefined] == Just False allM Just [True,True ,undefined] == undefined \(f :: Int -> Maybe Bool) xs -> anyM f xs == orM (map f xs)
Data.Either.Extra
Extra functions available in Data.Either.Extra
.
fromLeft :: a -> Either a b -> a #
Return the contents of a Left
-value or a default value otherwise.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>
fromLeft 1 (Left 3)
3>>>
fromLeft 1 (Right "foo")
1
Since: base-4.10.0.0
fromRight :: b -> Either a b -> b #
Return the contents of a Right
-value or a default value otherwise.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>
fromRight 1 (Right 3)
3>>>
fromRight 1 (Left "foo")
1
Since: base-4.10.0.0
fromEither :: Either a a -> a Source #
Pull the value out of an Either
where both alternatives
have the same type.
\x -> fromEither (Left x ) == x \x -> fromEither (Right x) == x
fromRight' :: Partial => Either l r -> r Source #
The fromRight'
function extracts the element out of a Right
and
throws an error if its argument is Left
.
Much like fromJust
, using this function in polished code is usually a bad idea.
\x -> fromRight' (Right x) == x \x -> fromRight' (Left x) == undefined
eitherToMaybe :: Either a b -> Maybe b Source #
maybeToEither :: a -> Maybe b -> Either a b Source #
Data.IORef.Extra
Extra functions available in Data.IORef.Extra
.
writeIORef' :: IORef a -> a -> IO () Source #
Evaluates the value before calling writeIORef
.
atomicWriteIORef' :: IORef a -> a -> IO () Source #
Evaluates the value before calling atomicWriteIORef
.
atomicModifyIORef_ :: IORef a -> (a -> a) -> IO () Source #
Variant of atomicModifyIORef
which ignores the return value
atomicModifyIORef'_ :: IORef a -> (a -> a) -> IO () Source #
Variant of atomicModifyIORef'
which ignores the return value
Data.List.Extra
Extra functions available in Data.List.Extra
.
lower :: String -> String Source #
Convert a string to lower case.
lower "This is A TEST" == "this is a test" lower "" == ""
upper :: String -> String Source #
Convert a string to upper case.
upper "This is A TEST" == "THIS IS A TEST" upper "" == ""
word1 :: String -> (String, String) Source #
Split the first word off a string. Useful for when starting to parse the beginning of a string, but you want to accurately preserve whitespace in the rest of the string.
word1 "" == ("", "") word1 "keyword rest of string" == ("keyword","rest of string") word1 " keyword\n rest of string" == ("keyword","rest of string") \s -> fst (word1 s) == concat (take 1 $ words s) \s -> words (snd $ word1 s) == drop 1 (words s)
line1 :: String -> (String, String) Source #
Split the first line off a string.
line1 "" == ("", "") line1 "test" == ("test","") line1 "test\n" == ("test","") line1 "test\nrest" == ("test","rest") line1 "test\nrest\nmore" == ("test","rest\nmore")
escapeHTML :: String -> String Source #
Escape a string such that it can be inserted into an HTML document or "
attribute
without any special interpretation. This requires escaping the <
, >
, &
and "
characters.
Note that it will escape "
and '
even though that is not required in an HTML body (but is not harmful).
escapeHTML "this is a test" == "this is a test" escapeHTML "<b>\"g&t\"</n>" == "<b>"g&t"</n>" escapeHTML "t'was another test" == "t'was another test"
escapeJSON :: String -> String Source #
Escape a string so it can form part of a JSON literal. This requires escaping the special whitespace and control characters. Additionally, Note that it does not add quote characters around the string.
escapeJSON "this is a test" == "this is a test" escapeJSON "\ttab\nnewline\\" == "\\ttab\\nnewline\\\\" escapeJSON "\ESC[0mHello" == "\\u001b[0mHello"
unescapeHTML :: String -> String Source #
Invert of escapeHTML
(does not do general HTML unescaping)
\xs -> unescapeHTML (escapeHTML xs) == xs
unescapeJSON :: String -> String Source #
General JSON unescaping, inversion of escapeJSON
and all other JSON escapes.
\xs -> unescapeJSON (escapeJSON xs) == xs
dropEnd :: Int -> [a] -> [a] Source #
Drop a number of elements from the end of the list.
dropEnd 3 "hello" == "he" dropEnd 5 "bye" == "" dropEnd (-1) "bye" == "bye" \i xs -> dropEnd i xs `isPrefixOf` xs \i xs -> length (dropEnd i xs) == max 0 (length xs - max 0 i) \i -> take 3 (dropEnd 5 [i..]) == take 3 [i..]
takeEnd :: Int -> [a] -> [a] Source #
Take a number of elements from the end of the list.
takeEnd 3 "hello" == "llo" takeEnd 5 "bye" == "bye" takeEnd (-1) "bye" == "" \i xs -> takeEnd i xs `isSuffixOf` xs \i xs -> length (takeEnd i xs) == min (max 0 i) (length xs)
splitAtEnd :: Int -> [a] -> ([a], [a]) Source #
returns a split where the second element tries to
contain splitAtEnd
n xsn
elements.
splitAtEnd 3 "hello" == ("he","llo") splitAtEnd 3 "he" == ("", "he") \i xs -> uncurry (++) (splitAt i xs) == xs \i xs -> splitAtEnd i xs == (dropEnd i xs, takeEnd i xs)
breakEnd :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> ([a], [a]) Source #
Break, but from the end.
breakEnd isLower "youRE" == ("you","RE") breakEnd isLower "youre" == ("youre","") breakEnd isLower "YOURE" == ("","YOURE") \f xs -> breakEnd (not . f) xs == spanEnd f xs
spanEnd :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> ([a], [a]) Source #
Span, but from the end.
spanEnd isUpper "youRE" == ("you","RE") spanEnd (not . isSpace) "x y z" == ("x y ","z") \f xs -> uncurry (++) (spanEnd f xs) == xs \f xs -> spanEnd f xs == swap (both reverse (span f (reverse xs)))
dropWhileEnd' :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [a] Source #
A version of dropWhileEnd
but with different strictness properties.
The function dropWhileEnd
can be used on an infinite list and tests the property
on each character. In contrast, dropWhileEnd'
is strict in the spine of the list
but only tests the trailing suffix.
This version usually outperforms dropWhileEnd
if the list is short or the test is expensive.
Note the tests below cover both the prime and non-prime variants.
dropWhileEnd isSpace "ab cde " == "ab cde" dropWhileEnd' isSpace "ab cde " == "ab cde" last (dropWhileEnd even [undefined,3]) == undefined last (dropWhileEnd' even [undefined,3]) == 3 head (dropWhileEnd even (3:undefined)) == 3 head (dropWhileEnd' even (3:undefined)) == undefined
takeWhileEnd :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [a] Source #
A version of takeWhile
operating from the end.
takeWhileEnd even [2,3,4,6] == [4,6]
stripSuffix :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Maybe [a] Source #
Return the prefix of the second list if its suffix matches the entire first list.
Examples:
stripSuffix "bar" "foobar" == Just "foo" stripSuffix "" "baz" == Just "baz" stripSuffix "foo" "quux" == Nothing
stripInfix :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Maybe ([a], [a]) Source #
Return the the string before and after the search string,
or Nothing
if the search string is not present.
Examples:
stripInfix "::" "a::b::c" == Just ("a", "b::c") stripInfix "/" "foobar" == Nothing
stripInfixEnd :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Maybe ([a], [a]) Source #
Similar to stripInfix
, but searches from the end of the
string.
stripInfixEnd "::" "a::b::c" == Just ("a::b", "c")
dropPrefix :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] Source #
Drops the given prefix from a list. It returns the original sequence if the sequence doesn't start with the given prefix.
dropPrefix "Mr. " "Mr. Men" == "Men" dropPrefix "Mr. " "Dr. Men" == "Dr. Men"
dropSuffix :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] Source #
Drops the given suffix from a list. It returns the original sequence if the sequence doesn't end with the given suffix.
dropSuffix "!" "Hello World!" == "Hello World" dropSuffix "!" "Hello World!!" == "Hello World!" dropSuffix "!" "Hello World." == "Hello World."
wordsBy :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]] Source #
A variant of words
with a custom test. In particular,
adjacent separators are discarded, as are leading or trailing separators.
wordsBy (== ':') "::xyz:abc::123::" == ["xyz","abc","123"] \s -> wordsBy isSpace s == words s
linesBy :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]] Source #
A variant of lines
with a custom test. In particular,
if there is a trailing separator it will be discarded.
linesBy (== ':') "::xyz:abc::123::" == ["","","xyz","abc","","123",""] \s -> linesBy (== '\n') s == lines s linesBy (== ';') "my;list;here;" == ["my","list","here"]
breakOn :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> ([a], [a]) Source #
Find the first instance of needle
in haystack
.
The first element of the returned tuple
is the prefix of haystack
before needle
is matched. The second
is the remainder of haystack
, starting with the match.
If you want the remainder without the match, use stripInfix
.
breakOn "::" "a::b::c" == ("a", "::b::c") breakOn "/" "foobar" == ("foobar", "") \needle haystack -> let (prefix,match) = breakOn needle haystack in prefix ++ match == haystack
breakOnEnd :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> ([a], [a]) Source #
Similar to breakOn
, but searches from the end of the
string.
The first element of the returned tuple is the prefix of haystack
up to and including the last match of needle
. The second is the
remainder of haystack
, following the match.
breakOnEnd "::" "a::b::c" == ("a::b::", "c")
splitOn :: (Partial, Eq a) => [a] -> [a] -> [[a]] Source #
Break a list into pieces separated by the first list argument, consuming the delimiter. An empty delimiter is invalid, and will cause an error to be raised.
splitOn "\r\n" "a\r\nb\r\nd\r\ne" == ["a","b","d","e"] splitOn "aaa" "aaaXaaaXaaaXaaa" == ["","X","X","X",""] splitOn "x" "x" == ["",""] splitOn "x" "" == [""] \s x -> s /= "" ==> intercalate s (splitOn s x) == x \c x -> splitOn [c] x == split (==c) x
split :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]] Source #
Splits a list into components delimited by separators, where the predicate returns True for a separator element. The resulting components do not contain the separators. Two adjacent separators result in an empty component in the output.
split (== 'a') "aabbaca" == ["","","bb","c",""] split (== 'a') "" == [""] split (== ':') "::xyz:abc::123::" == ["","","xyz","abc","","123","",""] split (== ',') "my,list,here" == ["my","list","here"]
chunksOf :: Partial => Int -> [a] -> [[a]] Source #
Split a list into chunks of a given size. The last chunk may contain fewer than n elements. The chunk size must be positive.
chunksOf 3 "my test" == ["my ","tes","t"] chunksOf 3 "mytest" == ["myt","est"] chunksOf 8 "" == [] chunksOf 0 "test" == undefined
headDef :: a -> [a] -> a Source #
A total head
with a default value.
headDef 1 [] == 1 headDef 1 [2,3,4] == 2 \x xs -> headDef x xs == fromMaybe x (listToMaybe xs)
lastDef :: a -> [a] -> a Source #
A total last
with a default value.
lastDef 1 [] == 1 lastDef 1 [2,3,4] == 4 \x xs -> lastDef x xs == last (x:xs)
(!?) :: [a] -> Int -> Maybe a Source #
A total variant of the list index function (!!)
.
[2,3,4] !? 1 == Just 3 [2,3,4] !? (-1) == Nothing [] !? 0 == Nothing
list :: b -> (a -> [a] -> b) -> [a] -> b Source #
Non-recursive transform over a list, like maybe
.
list 1 (\v _ -> v - 2) [5,6,7] == 3 list 1 (\v _ -> v - 2) [] == 1 \nil cons xs -> maybe nil (uncurry cons) (uncons xs) == list nil cons xs
cons :: a -> [a] -> [a] Source #
Append an element to the start of a list, an alias for (:)
.
cons 't' "est" == "test" \x xs -> uncons (cons x xs) == Just (x,xs)
snoc :: [a] -> a -> [a] Source #
Append an element to the end of a list, takes O(n) time.
snoc "tes" 't' == "test" \xs x -> unsnoc (snoc xs x) == Just (xs,x)
Equivalent to drop 1
, but likely to be faster and a single lexeme.
drop1 "" == "" drop1 "test" == "est" \xs -> drop 1 xs == drop1 xs
dropEnd1 :: [a] -> [a] Source #
Equivalent to dropEnd 1
, but likely to be faster and a single lexeme.
dropEnd1 "" == "" dropEnd1 "test" == "tes" \xs -> dropEnd 1 xs == dropEnd1 xs
mconcatMap :: Monoid b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> b Source #
compareLength :: (Ord b, Num b, Foldable f) => f a -> b -> Ordering Source #
Lazily compare the length of a Foldable
with a number.
compareLength [1,2,3] 1 == GT compareLength [1,2] 2 == EQ \(xs :: [Int]) n -> compareLength xs n == compare (length xs) n compareLength (1:2:3:undefined) 2 == GT
groupSortOn :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [[a]] Source #
groupSortBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [[a]] Source #
nubOrd :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] Source #
O(n log n). The nubOrd
function removes duplicate elements from a list.
In particular, it keeps only the first occurrence of each element.
Unlike the standard nub
operator, this version requires an Ord
instance
and consequently runs asymptotically faster.
nubOrd "this is a test" == "this ae" nubOrd (take 4 ("this" ++ undefined)) == "this" \xs -> nubOrd xs == nub xs
nubOrdBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [a] Source #
A version of nubOrd
with a custom predicate.
nubOrdBy (compare `on` length) ["a","test","of","this"] == ["a","test","of"]
nubOrdOn :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [a] Source #
A version of nubOrd
which operates on a portion of the value.
nubOrdOn length ["a","test","of","this"] == ["a","test","of"]
nubOn :: Eq b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [a] Source #
Deprecated: Use nubOrdOn, since this function is O(n^2)
DEPRECATED Use nubOrdOn
, since this function is _O(n^2)_.
A version of nub
where the equality is done on some extracted value.
nubOn f
is equivalent to nubBy ((==)
, but has the
performance advantage of only evaluating on
f)f
once for each element in the
input list.
groupOn :: Eq b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [[a]] Source #
A version of group
where the equality is done on some extracted value.
nubSort :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] Source #
O(n log n). The nubSort
function sorts and removes duplicate elements from a list.
In particular, it keeps only the first occurrence of each element.
nubSort "this is a test" == " aehist" \xs -> nubSort xs == nub (sort xs)
nubSortBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [a] Source #
A version of nubSort
with a custom predicate.
nubSortBy (compare `on` length) ["a","test","of","this"] == ["a","of","test"]
nubSortOn :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> [a] Source #
A version of nubSort
which operates on a portion of the value.
nubSortOn length ["a","test","of","this"] == ["a","of","test"]
maximumOn :: (Partial, Ord b) => (a -> b) -> [a] -> a Source #
A version of maximum
where the comparison is done on some extracted value.
Raises an error if the list is empty. Only calls the function once per element.
maximumOn id [] == undefined maximumOn length ["test","extra","a"] == "extra"
minimumOn :: (Partial, Ord b) => (a -> b) -> [a] -> a Source #
A version of minimum
where the comparison is done on some extracted value.
Raises an error if the list is empty. Only calls the function once per element.
minimumOn id [] == undefined minimumOn length ["test","extra","a"] == "a"
sumOn' :: Num b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> b Source #
A strict version of sum
, using a custom valuation function.
sumOn' read ["1", "2", "3"] == 6
productOn' :: Num b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> b Source #
A strict version of product
, using a custom valuation function.
productOn' read ["1", "2", "4"] == 8
disjoint :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Bool Source #
Are two lists disjoint, with no elements in common.
disjoint [1,2,3] [4,5] == True disjoint [1,2,3] [4,1] == False
disjointOrd :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> Bool Source #
disjointOrdBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [a] -> Bool Source #
A version of disjointOrd
with a custom predicate.
disjointOrdBy (compare `on` (`mod` 7)) [1,2,3] [4,5] == True disjointOrdBy (compare `on` (`mod` 7)) [1,2,3] [4,8] == False
allSame :: Eq a => [a] -> Bool Source #
Are all elements the same.
allSame [1,1,2] == False allSame [1,1,1] == True allSame [1] == True allSame [] == True allSame (1:1:2:undefined) == False \xs -> allSame xs == (length (nub xs) <= 1)
anySame :: Eq a => [a] -> Bool Source #
Is there any element which occurs more than once.
anySame [1,1,2] == True anySame [1,2,3] == False anySame (1:2:1:undefined) == True anySame [] == False \xs -> anySame xs == (length (nub xs) < length xs)
repeatedly :: ([a] -> (b, [a])) -> [a] -> [b] Source #
Apply some operation repeatedly, producing an element of output and the remainder of the list.
\xs -> repeatedly (splitAt 3) xs == chunksOf 3 xs \xs -> repeatedly word1 (trim xs) == words xs \xs -> repeatedly line1 xs == lines xs
firstJust :: (a -> Maybe b) -> [a] -> Maybe b Source #
Find the first element of a list for which the operation returns Just
, along
with the result of the operation. Like find
but useful where the function also
computes some expensive information that can be reused. Particular useful
when the function is monadic, see firstJustM
.
firstJust id [Nothing,Just 3] == Just 3 firstJust id [Nothing,Nothing] == Nothing
concatUnzip :: [([a], [b])] -> ([a], [b]) Source #
concatUnzip3 :: [([a], [b], [c])] -> ([a], [b], [c]) Source #
zipFrom :: Enum a => a -> [b] -> [(a, b)] Source #
zip
against an enumeration.
Truncates the output if the enumeration runs out.
\i xs -> zip [i..] xs == zipFrom i xs zipFrom False [1..3] == [(False,1),(True, 2)]
zipWithFrom :: Enum a => (a -> b -> c) -> a -> [b] -> [c] Source #
zipFrom
generalised to any combining operation.
Truncates the output if the enumeration runs out.
\i xs -> zipWithFrom (,) i xs == zipFrom i xs
zipWithLongest :: (Maybe a -> Maybe b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c] Source #
Like zipWith
, but keep going to the longest value. The function
argument will always be given at least one Just
, and while both
lists have items, two Just
values.
zipWithLongest (,) "a" "xyz" == [(Just 'a', Just 'x'), (Nothing, Just 'y'), (Nothing, Just 'z')] zipWithLongest (,) "a" "x" == [(Just 'a', Just 'x')] zipWithLongest (,) "" "x" == [(Nothing, Just 'x')]
replace :: (Partial, Eq a) => [a] -> [a] -> [a] -> [a] Source #
Replace a subsequence everywhere it occurs. The first argument must not be the empty list.
replace "el" "_" "Hello Bella" == "H_lo B_la" replace "el" "e" "Hello" == "Helo" replace "" "e" "Hello" == undefined \xs ys -> not (null xs) ==> replace xs xs ys == ys
merge :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] Source #
Merge two lists which are assumed to be ordered.
merge "ace" "bd" == "abcde" \xs ys -> merge (sort xs) (sort ys) == sort (xs ++ ys)
mergeBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> [a] -> [a] Source #
Like merge
, but with a custom ordering function.
Data.List.NonEmpty.Extra
Extra functions available in Data.List.NonEmpty.Extra
.
(|:) :: [a] -> a -> NonEmpty a infixl 5 Source #
O(n). Append an element to a list.
[1,2,3] |: 4 |> 5 == 1 :| [2,3,4,5]
(|>) :: NonEmpty a -> a -> NonEmpty a infixl 5 Source #
O(n). Append an element to a non-empty list.
(1 :| [2,3]) |> 4 |> 5 == 1 :| [2,3,4,5]
appendl :: NonEmpty a -> [a] -> NonEmpty a Source #
Append a list to a non-empty list.
appendl (1 :| [2,3]) [4,5] == 1 :| [2,3,4,5]
appendr :: [a] -> NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty a Source #
Append a non-empty list to a list.
appendr [1,2,3] (4 :| [5]) == 1 :| [2,3,4,5]
maximumBy1 :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> NonEmpty a -> a Source #
The largest element of a non-empty list with respect to the given comparison function.
minimumBy1 :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> NonEmpty a -> a Source #
The least element of a non-empty list with respect to the given comparison function.
maximumOn1 :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> NonEmpty a -> a Source #
A version of maximum1
where the comparison is done on some extracted value.
minimumOn1 :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> NonEmpty a -> a Source #
A version of minimum1
where the comparison is done on some extracted value.
Data.Tuple.Extra
Extra functions available in Data.Tuple.Extra
.
first :: (a -> a') -> (a, b) -> (a', b) Source #
Update the first component of a pair.
first succ (1,"test") == (2,"test")
second :: (b -> b') -> (a, b) -> (a, b') Source #
Update the second component of a pair.
second reverse (1,"test") == (1,"tset")
(***) :: (a -> a') -> (b -> b') -> (a, b) -> (a', b') infixr 3 Source #
Given two functions, apply one to the first component and one to the second.
A specialised version of ***
.
(succ *** reverse) (1,"test") == (2,"tset")
(&&&) :: (a -> b) -> (a -> c) -> a -> (b, c) infixr 3 Source #
Given two functions, apply both to a single argument to form a pair.
A specialised version of &&&
.
(succ &&& pred) 1 == (2,0)
both :: (a -> b) -> (a, a) -> (b, b) Source #
Apply a single function to both components of a pair.
both succ (1,2) == (2,3)
firstM :: Functor m => (a -> m a') -> (a, b) -> m (a', b) Source #
Update the first component of a pair.
firstM (\x -> [x-1, x+1]) (1,"test") == [(0,"test"),(2,"test")]
secondM :: Functor m => (b -> m b') -> (a, b) -> m (a, b') Source #
Update the second component of a pair.
secondM (\x -> [reverse x, x]) (1,"test") == [(1,"tset"),(1,"test")]
first3 :: (a -> a') -> (a, b, c) -> (a', b, c) Source #
Update the first component of a triple.
first3 succ (1,1,1) == (2,1,1)
second3 :: (b -> b') -> (a, b, c) -> (a, b', c) Source #
Update the second component of a triple.
second3 succ (1,1,1) == (1,2,1)
third3 :: (c -> c') -> (a, b, c) -> (a, b, c') Source #
Update the third component of a triple.
third3 succ (1,1,1) == (1,1,2)
curry3 :: ((a, b, c) -> d) -> a -> b -> c -> d Source #
Converts an uncurried function to a curried function.
uncurry3 :: (a -> b -> c -> d) -> (a, b, c) -> d Source #
Converts a curried function to a function on a triple.
Data.Version.Extra
Extra functions available in Data.Version.Extra
.
readVersion :: Partial => String -> Version Source #
Read a Version
or throw an exception.
\x -> readVersion (showVersion x) == x readVersion "hello" == undefined
Numeric.Extra
Extra functions available in Numeric.Extra
.
showDP :: RealFloat a => Int -> a -> String Source #
Show a number to a fixed number of decimal places.
showDP 4 pi == "3.1416" showDP 0 pi == "3" showDP 2 3 == "3.00"
intToDouble :: Int -> Double Source #
Specialised numeric conversion, type restricted version of fromIntegral
.
intToFloat :: Int -> Float Source #
Specialised numeric conversion, type restricted version of fromIntegral
.
floatToDouble :: Float -> Double Source #
Specialised numeric conversion, type restricted version of realToFrac
.
doubleToFloat :: Double -> Float Source #
Specialised numeric conversion, type restricted version of realToFrac
.
System.Directory.Extra
Extra functions available in System.Directory.Extra
.
Run an IO
action with the given working directory and restore the
original working directory afterwards, even if the given action fails due
to an exception.
The operation may fail with the same exceptions as getCurrentDirectory
and setCurrentDirectory
.
Since: directory-1.2.3.0
createDirectoryPrivate :: String -> IO () Source #
Create a directory with permissions so that only the current user can view it.
On Windows this function is equivalent to createDirectory
.
listContents :: FilePath -> IO [FilePath] Source #
List the files and directories directly within a directory.
Each result will be prefixed by the query directory, and the special directories .
and ..
will be ignored.
Intended as a cleaned up version of getDirectoryContents
.
withTempDir $ \dir -> do writeFile (dir </> "test.txt") ""; (== [dir </> "test.txt"]) <$> listContents dir let touch = mapM_ $ \x -> createDirectoryIfMissing True (takeDirectory x) >> writeFile x "" let listTest op as bs = withTempDir $ \dir -> do touch $ map (dir </>) as; res <- op dir; pure $ map (drop (length dir + 1)) res == bs listTest listContents ["bar.txt","foo/baz.txt","zoo"] ["bar.txt","foo","zoo"]
listDirectories :: FilePath -> IO [FilePath] Source #
Like listContents
, but only returns the directories in a directory, not the files.
Each directory will be prefixed by the query directory.
listTest listDirectories ["bar.txt","foo/baz.txt","zoo"] ["foo"]
listFiles :: FilePath -> IO [FilePath] Source #
Like listContents
, but only returns the files in a directory, not other directories.
Each file will be prefixed by the query directory.
listTest listFiles ["bar.txt","foo/baz.txt","zoo"] ["bar.txt","zoo"]
listFilesInside :: (FilePath -> IO Bool) -> FilePath -> IO [FilePath] Source #
Like listFilesRecursive
, but with a predicate to decide where to recurse into.
Typically directories starting with .
would be ignored. The initial argument directory
will have the test applied to it.
listTest (listFilesInside $ pure . not . isPrefixOf "." . takeFileName) ["bar.txt","foo" </> "baz.txt",".foo" </> "baz2.txt", "zoo"] ["bar.txt","zoo","foo" </> "baz.txt"] listTest (listFilesInside $ const $ pure False) ["bar.txt"] []
listFilesRecursive :: FilePath -> IO [FilePath] Source #
Like listFiles
, but goes recursively through all subdirectories.
This function will follow symlinks, and if they form a loop, this function will not terminate.
listTest listFilesRecursive ["bar.txt","zoo","foo" </> "baz.txt"] ["bar.txt","zoo","foo" </> "baz.txt"]
System.Info.Extra
Extra functions available in System.Info.Extra
.
Return True
on Windows and False
otherwise. A runtime version of #ifdef minw32_HOST_OS
.
Equivalent to os == "mingw32"
, but: more efficient; doesn't require typing an easily
mistypeable string; actually asks about your OS not a library; doesn't bake in
32bit assumptions that are already false. </rant>
isWindows == (os == "mingw32")
System.IO.Extra
Extra functions available in System.IO.Extra
.
withBuffering :: Handle -> BufferMode -> IO a -> IO a Source #
Execute an action with a custom BufferMode
, a wrapper around
hSetBuffering
.
readFileEncoding :: TextEncoding -> FilePath -> IO String Source #
Like readFile
, but setting an encoding.
readFile' :: FilePath -> IO String Source #
A strict version of readFile
. When the string is produced, the entire
file will have been read into memory and the file handle will have been closed.
Closing the file handle does not rely on the garbage collector.
\(filter isHexDigit -> s) -> fmap (== s) $ withTempFile $ \file -> do writeFile file s; readFile' file
readFileEncoding' :: TextEncoding -> FilePath -> IO String Source #
A strict version of readFileEncoding
, see readFile'
for details.
readFileUTF8' :: FilePath -> IO String Source #
A strict version of readFileUTF8
, see readFile'
for details.
readFileBinary' :: FilePath -> IO String Source #
A strict version of readFileBinary
, see readFile'
for details.
writeFileEncoding :: TextEncoding -> FilePath -> String -> IO () Source #
Write a file with a particular encoding.
writeFileUTF8 :: FilePath -> String -> IO () Source #
Write a file with the utf8
encoding.
\s -> withTempFile $ \file -> do writeFileUTF8 file s; fmap (== s) $ readFileUTF8' file
writeFileBinary :: FilePath -> String -> IO () Source #
Write a binary file.
\(ASCIIString s) -> withTempFile $ \file -> do writeFileBinary file s; fmap (== s) $ readFileBinary' file
withTempFile :: (FilePath -> IO a) -> IO a Source #
Create a temporary file in the temporary directory. The file will be deleted
after the action completes (provided the file is not still open).
The FilePath
will not have any file extension, will exist, and will be zero bytes long.
If you require a file with a specific name, use withTempDir
.
withTempFile doesFileExist == pure True (doesFileExist =<< withTempFile pure) == pure False withTempFile readFile' == pure ""
withTempDir :: (FilePath -> IO a) -> IO a Source #
Create a temporary directory inside the system temporary directory. The directory will be deleted after the action completes.
withTempDir doesDirectoryExist == pure True (doesDirectoryExist =<< withTempDir pure) == pure False withTempDir listFiles == pure []
newTempFile :: IO (FilePath, IO ()) Source #
Provide a function to create a temporary file, and a way to delete a
temporary file. Most users should use withTempFile
which
combines these operations.
newTempDir :: IO (FilePath, IO ()) Source #
Provide a function to create a temporary directory, and a way to delete a
temporary directory. Most users should use withTempDir
which
combines these operations.
newTempFileWithin :: FilePath -> IO (FilePath, IO ()) Source #
Like newTempFile
but using a custom temporary directory.
newTempDirWithin :: FilePath -> IO (FilePath, IO ()) Source #
Like newTempDir
but using a custom temporary directory.
fileEq :: FilePath -> FilePath -> IO Bool Source #
Returns True
if both files have the same content.
Raises an error if either file is missing.
fileEq "does_not_exist1" "does_not_exist2" == undefined fileEq "does_not_exist" "does_not_exist" == undefined withTempFile $ \f1 -> fileEq "does_not_exist" f1 == undefined withTempFile $ \f1 -> withTempFile $ \f2 -> fileEq f1 f2 withTempFile $ \f1 -> withTempFile $ \f2 -> writeFile f1 "a" >> writeFile f2 "a" >> fileEq f1 f2 withTempFile $ \f1 -> withTempFile $ \f2 -> writeFile f1 "a" >> writeFile f2 "b" >> notM (fileEq f1 f2)
System.Process.Extra
Extra functions available in System.Process.Extra
.
system_ :: Partial => String -> IO () Source #
A version of system
that throws an error if the ExitCode
is not ExitSuccess
.
systemOutput_ :: Partial => String -> IO String Source #
A version of system
that captures the output (both stdout
and stderr
)
and throws an error if the ExitCode
is not ExitSuccess
.
System.Time.Extra
Extra functions available in System.Time.Extra
.
sleep :: Seconds -> IO () Source #
Sleep for a number of seconds.
fmap (round . fst) (duration $ sleep 1) == pure 1
timeout :: Seconds -> IO a -> IO (Maybe a) Source #
A version of timeout
that takes Seconds
and never
overflows the bounds of an Int
. In addition, the bug that negative
timeouts run for ever has been fixed.
timeout (-3) (print 1) == pure Nothing timeout 0.1 (print 1) == fmap Just (print 1) do (t, _) <- duration $ timeout 0.1 $ sleep 1000; print t; pure $ t < 1 timeout 0.1 (sleep 2 >> print 1) == pure Nothing
showDuration :: Seconds -> String Source #
Show a number of seconds, typically a duration, in a suitable manner with reasonable precision for a human.
showDuration 3.435 == "3.44s" showDuration 623.8 == "10m24s" showDuration 62003.8 == "17h13m" showDuration 1e8 == "27777h47m"
offsetTime :: IO (IO Seconds) Source #
Call once to start, then call repeatedly to get the elapsed time since the first call. The time is guaranteed to be monotonic. This function is robust to system time changes.
do f <- offsetTime; xs <- replicateM 10 f; pure $ xs == sort xs
offsetTimeIncrease :: IO (IO Seconds) Source #
Deprecated: Use offsetTime
instead, which is guaranteed to always increase.
A synonym for offsetTime
.