Documentation

O(n*m). Applies a function to all terminal values in an expression. (cf. //-)

Given that:

> let zero  = val (0 :: Int)
> let one   = val (1 :: Int)
> let two   = val (2 :: Int)
> let three = val (3 :: Int)
> let xx -+- yy = value "+" ((+) :: Int->Int->Int) :$ xx :$ yy
> let intToZero e = if typ e == typ zero then zero else e

Then:

> one -+- (two -+- three)
1 + (2 + 3) :: Int

> mapValues intToZero $ one -+- (two -+- three)
0 + (0 + 0) :: Integer

Given that the argument function is O(m), this function is O(n*m).

O(n*m). Applies a function to all variables in an expression.

Given that:

> let primeify e = if isVar e
|                  then case e of (Value n d) -> Value (n ++ "'") d
|                  else e
> let xx = var "x" (undefined :: Int)
> let yy = var "y" (undefined :: Int)
> let xx -+- yy = value "+" ((+) :: Int->Int->Int) :$ xx :$ yy

Then:

> xx -+- yy
x + y :: Int

> primeify xx
x' :: Int

> mapVars primeify $ xx -+- yy
x' + y' :: Int

> mapVars (primeify . primeify) $ xx -+- yy
x'' + y'' :: Int

Given that the argument function is O(m), this function is O(n*m).

O(n*m). Applies a function to all terminal constants in an expression.

Given that:

> let one   = val (1 :: Int)
> let two   = val (2 :: Int)
> let xx -+- yy = value "+" ((+) :: Int->Int->Int) :$ xx :$ yy
> let intToZero e = if typ e == typ zero then zero else e

Then:

> one -+- (two -+- xx)
1 + (2 + x) :: Int

> mapConsts intToZero (one -+- (two -+- xx))
0 + (0 + x) :: Integer

Given that the argument function is O(m), this function is O(n*m).

O(n*m). Substitute subexpressions of an expression using the given function. Outer expressions have more precedence than inner expressions. (cf. //)

With:

> let xx = var "x" (undefined :: Int)
> let yy = var "y" (undefined :: Int)
> let zz = var "z" (undefined :: Int)
> let plus = value "+" ((+) :: Int->Int->Int)
> let times = value "*" ((*) :: Int->Int->Int)
> let xx -+- yy = plus :$ xx :$ yy
> let xx -*- yy = times :$ xx :$ yy

> let pluswap (o :$ xx :$ yy) | o == plus = Just $ o :$ yy :$ xx
|     pluswap _                           = Nothing

Then:

> mapSubexprs pluswap $ (xx -*- yy) -+- (yy -*- zz)
y * z + x * y :: Int

> mapSubexprs pluswap $ (xx -+- yy) -*- (yy -+- zz)
(y + x) * (z + y) :: Int

Substitutions do not stack, in other words a replaced expression or its subexpressions are not further replaced:

> mapSubexprs pluswap $ (xx -+- yy) -+- (yy -+- zz)
(y + z) + (x + y) :: Int

Given that the argument function is O(m), this function is O(n*m).

O(n*m). Substitute occurrences of values in an expression from the given list of substitutions. (cf. mapValues)

Given that:

> let xx = var "x" (undefined :: Int)
> let yy = var "y" (undefined :: Int)
> let zz = var "z" (undefined :: Int)
> let xx -+- yy = value "+" ((+) :: Int->Int->Int) :$ xx :$ yy

Then:

> ((xx -+- yy) -+- (yy -+- zz)) //- [(xx, yy), (zz, yy)]
(y + y) + (y + y) :: Int

> ((xx -+- yy) -+- (yy -+- zz)) //- [(yy, yy -+- zz)]
(x + (y + z)) + ((y + z) + z) :: Int

This function does not work for substituting non-terminal subexpressions:

> (xx -+- yy) //- [(xx -+- yy, zz)]
x + y :: Int

Please use the slower // if you want the above replacement to work.

Replacement happens only once:

> xx //- [(xx,yy), (yy,zz)]
y :: Int

Given that the argument list has length m, this function is O(n*m).

O(n*n*m). Substitute subexpressions in an expression from the given list of substitutions. (cf. mapSubexprs).

Please consider using //- if you are replacing just terminal values as it is faster.

Given that:

> let xx = var "x" (undefined :: Int)
> let yy = var "y" (undefined :: Int)
> let zz = var "z" (undefined :: Int)
> let xx -+- yy = value "+" ((+) :: Int->Int->Int) :$ xx :$ yy

Then:

> ((xx -+- yy) -+- (yy -+- zz)) // [(xx -+- yy, yy), (yy -+- zz, yy)]
y + y :: Int

> ((xx -+- yy) -+- zz) // [(xx -+- yy, zz), (zz, xx -+- yy)]
z + (x + y) :: Int

Replacement happens only once with outer expressions having more precedence than inner expressions.

> (xx -+- yy) // [(yy,xx), (xx -+- yy,zz), (zz,xx)]
z :: Int

Given that the argument list has length m, this function is O(n*n*m). Remember that since n is the size of an expression, comparing two expressions is O(n) in the worst case, and we may need to compare with n subexpressions in the worst case.

Rename variables in an Expr.

> renameVarsBy (++ "'") (xx -+- yy)
x' + y' :: Int

> renameVarsBy (++ "'") (yy -+- (zz -+- xx))
(y' + (z' + x')) :: Int

> renameVarsBy (++ "1") (abs' xx)
abs x1 :: Int

> renameVarsBy (++ "2") $ abs' (xx -+- yy)
abs (x2 + y2) :: Int

NOTE: this will affect holes!