| Copyright | Copyright (C) 2006-2015 Bjorn Buckwalter |
|---|---|
| License | BSD3 |
| Maintainer | bjorn@buckwalter.se |
| Stability | Stable |
| Portability | GHC only |
| Safe Haskell | None |
| Language | Haskell2010 |
Numeric.Units.Dimensional.NonSI
Contents
Description
Summary
This module defines units that are not part of the SI, with the exception of those defined in the Numeric.Units.Dimensional.SIUnits module (units outside of the SI accepted for use with the SI).
Any chapters, sections or tables referenced are from [1] unless otherwise specified.
Neper, bel, shannon and the like
The units of section 5.1.2 are purposefully (but not permanently) omitted. In fact the logarithmic units (see section 8.7) are problematic and it is not clear how to implement them. Perhaps with a conversion function similar to for degrees Celsius.
References
- electronVolt :: Floating a => Unit Metric DEnergy a
- unifiedAtomicMassUnit :: Floating a => Unit Metric DMass a
- dalton :: Floating a => Unit Metric DMass a
- gee :: Fractional a => Unit Metric DAcceleration a
- inch :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DLength a
- foot :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DLength a
- mil :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DLength a
- poundMass :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DMass a
- ounce :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DMass a
- poundForce :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DForce a
- slug :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DMass a
- psi :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a
- yard :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DLength a
- mile :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DLength a
- nauticalMile :: Num a => Unit NonMetric DLength a
- knot :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVelocity a
- revolution :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DOne a
- solid :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DOne a
- teaspoon :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- acre :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DArea a
- year :: Num a => Unit NonMetric DTime a
- century :: Num a => Unit NonMetric DTime a
- bar :: Num a => Unit Metric DPressure a
- atmosphere :: Num a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a
- technicalAtmosphere :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a
- mmHg :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a
- inHg :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a
- inHg_UCUM :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a
- inHg_NIST :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a
- torr :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a
- rad :: Fractional a => Unit Metric DAbsorbedDose a
- stokes :: Fractional a => Unit Metric DKinematicViscosity a
- degreeFahrenheit :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DThermodynamicTemperature a
- degreeRankine :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DThermodynamicTemperature a
- imperialGallon :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- imperialQuart :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- imperialPint :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- imperialCup :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- imperialGill :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- imperialFluidOunce :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- usGallon :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- usQuart :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- usPint :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- usCup :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- usGill :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
- usFluidOunce :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a
Units Defined By Experiment
From Table 7, units accepted for use with the SI whose values in SI units are obtained experimentally.
When [1] was published the electron volt had a standard combined uncertainity of 0.00000049e-19 J and the unified atomic mass unit had a combined uncertainty of 0.0000010e-27 kg.
Standard Gravity
In order to relate e.g. pounds mass to pounds force we define the unit
gee equal to the standard gravity g_0: the nominal acceleration of a
body in free fall in a vacuum near the surface of the earth (note that
local values of acceleration due to gravity will differ from the standard
gravity). I.e. g_0 = 1 gee.
gee :: Fractional a => Unit Metric DAcceleration a Source
Inch-pound Units
Some US customary (that is, inch-pound) units.
poundForce :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DForce a Source
Years
The IAU recommends [2] that:
Although there are several different kinds of year (as there are several kinds of day), it is best to regard a year as a julian year of 365.25 days (31.5576 Ms) unless otherwise specified.
We define the year in terms of seconds in order to avoid a Fractional
constraint, and also provide a Julian century.
Pressure Units
It seems that nearly every area of application has its own customary unit for measuring pressure.
We include some of the common ones here. psi was defined earlier.
bar :: Num a => Unit Metric DPressure a Source
The bar is exactly 100,000 pascal.
From Wikipedia:
It is about equal to the atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level.
atmosphere :: Num a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a Source
The "standard atmosphere".
From Wikipedia [3]:
The standard atmosphere (atm) is an established constant. It is approximately equal to typical air pressure at earth mean sea level.
technicalAtmosphere :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a Source
The "technical atmosphere"
From Wikipedia:
A technical atmosphere (symbol: at) is a non-SI unit of pressure equal to one kilogram-force per square centimeter.
mmHg :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a Source
The conventional value for the pressure exerted by a 1 mm high column of mercury.
Per Wikipedia [4], one mmHg (millimeter of mercury) is defined as:
The pressure exerted at the base of a column of fluid exactly 1 mm high, when the density of the fluid is exactly 13.5951 g/cm^3, at a place where the acceleration of gravity is exactly 9.80665 m/s^2.
inHg :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a Source
The conventional value for the pressure exerted by a 1 inch high column of mercury.
Column inches of mercury are also used to measure pressure, especially in meteorological or aeronautical contexts in the United States.
This is the value defined by UCUM. For the value defined by NIST, see inHg_NIST.
inHg_UCUM :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a Source
The conventional value for the pressure exerted by a 1 inch high column of mercury.
Column inches of mercury are also used to measure pressure, especially in meteorological or aeronautical contexts in the United States.
This is the value defined by UCUM. For the value defined by NIST, see inHg_NIST.
inHg_NIST :: Floating a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a Source
The conventional value for the pressure exerted by a 1 inch high column of mercury.
Column inches of mercury are also used to measure pressure, especially in meteorological or aeronautical contexts in the United States.
This is the value defined by NIST. For the value defined by UCUM, see inHg_UCUM.
torr :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DPressure a Source
One torr (symbol: Torr) is defined as 1/760 atm, which is approximately equal to 1 mmHg.
Radiation Units
rad :: Fractional a => Unit Metric DAbsorbedDose a Source
Kinematic Viscosity
stokes :: Fractional a => Unit Metric DKinematicViscosity a Source
Temperature
These units of temperature are relative. For absolute temperatures, see fromDegreeCelsiusAbsolute.
Imperial Volumes
Per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_units and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup_(unit)#Imperial_cup.
imperialGallon :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a Source
imperialQuart :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a Source
imperialPint :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a Source
imperialCup :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a Source
imperialGill :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a Source
imperialFluidOunce :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a Source
US Customary Volumes
Per http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/2012-hb44-final.pdf page 452 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_customary_units#Fluid_volume Note that there exist rarely-used "dry" variants of units with overlapping names.
usFluidOunce :: Fractional a => Unit NonMetric DVolume a Source