clash-prelude-1.5.0: Clash: a functional hardware description language - Prelude library
Copyright(C) 2015-2016 University of Twente
2016-2019 Myrtle Software Ltd
2017 Google Inc.
2021-2022 QBayLogic B.V.
LicenseBSD2 (see the file LICENSE)
MaintainerQBayLogic B.V. <devops@qbaylogic.com>
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Clash.Explicit.Synchronizer

Description

Synchronizer circuits for safe clock domain crossings

Synopsis

Bit-synchronizers

dualFlipFlopSynchronizer Source #

Arguments

:: (NFDataX a, KnownDomain dom1, KnownDomain dom2) 
=> Clock dom1

Clock to which the incoming data is synchronized

-> Clock dom2

Clock to which the outgoing data is synchronized

-> Reset dom2

Reset for registers on the outgoing domain

-> Enable dom2

Enable for registers on the outgoing domain

-> a

Initial value of the two synchronization registers

-> Signal dom1 a

Incoming data

-> Signal dom2 a

Outgoing, synchronized, data

Synchronizer based on two sequentially connected flip-flops.

  • NB: This synchronizer can be used for bit-synchronization.

  • NB: Although this synchronizer does reduce metastability, it does not guarantee the proper synchronization of a whole word. For example, given that the output is sampled twice as fast as the input is running, and we have two samples in the input stream that look like:

    [0111,1000]

    But the circuit driving the input stream has a longer propagation delay on msb compared to the lsbs. What can happen is an output stream that looks like this:

    [0111,0111,0000,1000]

    Where the level-change of the msb was not captured, but the level change of the lsbs were.

    If you want to have safe word-synchronization use asyncFIFOSynchronizer.

Word-synchronizers

asyncFIFOSynchronizer Source #

Arguments

:: (KnownDomain wdom, KnownDomain rdom, 2 <= addrSize, NFDataX a) 
=> SNat addrSize

Size of the internally used addresses, the FIFO contains 2^addrSize elements.

-> Clock wdom

Clock to which the write port is synchronized

-> Clock rdom

Clock to which the read port is synchronized

-> Reset wdom 
-> Reset rdom 
-> Enable wdom 
-> Enable rdom 
-> Signal rdom Bool

Read request

-> Signal wdom (Maybe a)

Element to insert

-> (Signal rdom a, Signal rdom Bool, Signal wdom Bool)

(Oldest element in the FIFO, empty flag, full flag)

Synchronizer implemented as a FIFO around an asynchronous RAM. Based on the design described in Clash.Tutorial, which is itself based on the design described in http://www.sunburst-design.com/papers/CummingsSNUG2002SJ_FIFO1.pdf.

NB: This synchronizer can be used for word-synchronization.