clash-prelude-1.4.4: Clash: a functional hardware description language - Prelude library
Copyright(C) 2015-2016 University of Twente
2017 Google Inc.
LicenseBSD2 (see the file LICENSE)
MaintainerChristiaan Baaij <christiaan.baaij@gmail.com>
Safe HaskellSafe
LanguageHaskell2010
Extensions
  • Cpp
  • TemplateHaskellQuotes
  • ScopedTypeVariables
  • BangPatterns
  • ViewPatterns
  • DataKinds
  • InstanceSigs
  • StandaloneDeriving
  • DeriveDataTypeable
  • DeriveFunctor
  • DeriveTraversable
  • DeriveFoldable
  • DeriveGeneric
  • DefaultSignatures
  • DeriveLift
  • DerivingStrategies
  • MagicHash
  • KindSignatures
  • TupleSections
  • TypeOperators
  • ExplicitNamespaces
  • ExplicitForAll
  • BinaryLiterals
  • TypeApplications

Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Description

TopEntity annotations allow us to control hierarchy and naming aspects of the Clash compiler. We have the Synthesize and TestBench annotation.

Synthesize annotation

The Synthesize annotation allows us to:

  • Assign names to entities (VHDL) / modules ((System)Verilog), and their ports.
  • Put generated HDL files of a logical (sub)entity in their own directory.
  • Use cached versions of generated HDL, i.e., prevent recompilation of (sub)entities that have not changed since the last run. Caching is based on a .manifest which is generated alongside the HDL; deleting this file means deleting the cache; changing this file will result in undefined behavior.

Functions with a Synthesize annotation must adhere to the following restrictions:

  • Although functions with a Synthesize annotation can of course depend on functions with another Synthesize annotation, they must not be mutually recursive.
  • Functions with a Synthesize annotation must be completely monomorphic and first-order, and cannot have any non-representable arguments or result.

Also take the following into account when using Synthesize annotations.

  • The Clash compiler is based on the GHC Haskell compiler, and the GHC machinery does not understand Synthesize annotations and it might subsequently decide to inline those functions. You should therefor also add a {-# NOINLINE f #-} pragma to the functions which you give a Synthesize functions.
  • Functions with a Synthesize annotation will not be specialized on constants.

Finally, the root module, the module which you pass as an argument to the Clash compiler must either have:

  • A function with a Synthesize annotation.
  • A function called topEntity.

You apply Synthesize annotations to functions using an ANN pragma:

{-# ANN f (Synthesize {t_name = ..., ...  }) #-}
f x = ...

For example, given the following specification:

module Blinker where

import Clash.Prelude
import Clash.Intel.ClockGen

createDomain vSystem{vName="DomInput", vPeriod=20000}
createDomain vSystem{vName="Dom50", vPeriod=50000}

topEntity
  :: Clock DomInput
  -> Reset DomInput
  -> Enable Dom50
  -> Signal Dom50 Bit
  -> Signal Dom50 (BitVector 8)
topEntity clk20 rstBtn enaBtn modeBtn =
  exposeClockResetEnable
    (mealy blinkerT initialStateBlinkerT . isRising 1)
    clk50
    rstSync
    enaBtn
    modeBtn
 where
  -- Start with the first LED turned on, in rotate mode, with the counter on zero
  initialStateBlinkerT = (1, False, 0)

  -- Signal coming from the reset button is low when pressed, and high when
  -- not pressed. We convert this signal to the polarity of our domain with
  -- unsafeFromLowPolarity.
  rst = unsafeFromLowPolarity (unsafeFromReset rstBtn)

  -- Instantiate a PLL: this stabilizes the incoming clock signal and indicates
  -- when the signal is stable. We're also using it to transform an incoming
  -- clock signal running at 20 MHz to a clock signal running at 50 MHz.
  (clk50, pllStable) =
    altpll
      @Dom50
      (SSymbol @"altpll50")
      clk20
      rst

  -- Synchronize reset to clock signal coming from PLL. We want the reset to
  -- remain active while the PLL is NOT stable, hence the conversion with
  -- unsafeFromLowPolarity
  rstSync =
    resetSynchronizer
      clk50
      (unsafeFromLowPolarity pllStable)
      enableGen

blinkerT
  :: (BitVector 8, Bool, Index 16650001)
  -> Bool
  -> ((BitVector 8, Bool, Index 16650001), BitVector 8)
blinkerT (leds,mode,cntr) key1R = ((leds',mode',cntr'),leds)
  where
    -- clock frequency = 50e6  (50 MHz)
    -- led update rate = 333e-3 (every 333ms)
    cnt_max = 16650000 -- 50e6 * 333e-3

    cntr' | cntr == cnt_max = 0
          | otherwise       = cntr + 1

    mode' | key1R     = not mode
          | otherwise = mode

    leds' | cntr == 0 = if mode then complement leds
                                else rotateL leds 1
          | otherwise = leds

The Clash compiler would normally generate the following topEntity.vhdl file:

-- Automatically generated VHDL-93
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;
use IEEE.MATH_REAL.ALL;
use std.textio.all;
use work.all;
use work.Blinker_topEntity_types.all;

entity topEntity is
  port(-- clock
       clk20   : in Blinker_topEntity_types.clk_DomInput;
       -- reset
       rstBtn  : in Blinker_topEntity_types.rst_DomInput;
       -- enable
       enaBtn  : in Blinker_topEntity_types.en_Dom50;
       modeBtn : in std_logic;
       result  : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));
end;

architecture structural of topEntity is
  ...
end;

However, if we add the following Synthesize annotation in the file:

{-# ANN topEntity
  (Synthesize
    { t_name   = "blinker"
    , t_inputs = [ PortName "CLOCK_50"
                 , PortName "KEY0"
                 , PortName "KEY1"
                 , PortName "KEY2" ]
    , t_output = PortName "LED"
    }) #-}

The Clash compiler will generate the following blinker.vhdl file instead:

-- Automatically generated VHDL-93
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;
use IEEE.MATH_REAL.ALL;
use std.textio.all;
use work.all;
use work.blinker_types.all;

entity blinker is
  port(-- clock
       CLOCK_50 : in blinker_types.clk_DomInput;
       -- reset
       KEY0     : in blinker_types.rst_DomInput;
       -- enable
       KEY1     : in blinker_types.en_Dom50;
       KEY2     : in std_logic;
       LED      : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));
end;

architecture structural of blinker is
  ...
end;

Where we now have:

  • A top-level component that is called blinker.
  • Inputs and outputs that have a user-chosen name: CLOCK_50, KEY0, KEY1, KEY2, LED, etc.

See the documentation of Synthesize for the meaning of all its fields.

TestBench annotation

Tell what binder is the TestBench for a Synthesize-annotated binder.

So in the following example, f has a Synthesize annotation, and g is the HDL test bench for f.

f :: Bool -> Bool
f = ...
{-# ANN f (defSyn "f") #-}
{-# ANN f (TestBench 'g) #-}

g :: Signal Bool
g = ...
Synopsis

Data types

data TopEntity Source #

TopEntity annotation

Constructors

Synthesize

Instruct the Clash compiler to use this top-level function as a separately synthesizable component.

Fields

  • t_name :: String

    The name the top-level component should have, put in a correspondingly named file.

  • t_inputs :: [PortName]

    List of names that are assigned in-order to the inputs of the component.

  • t_output :: PortName

    Name assigned in-order to the outputs of the component. As a Haskell function can only truly return a single value -- with multiple values "wrapped" by a tuple -- this field is not a list, but a single PortName. Use PortProduct to give names to the individual components of the output tuple.

TestBench Name

Tell what binder is the TestBench for a Synthesize-annotated binder.

So in the following example, f has a Synthesize annotation, and g is the HDL test bench for f.

f :: Bool -> Bool
f = ...
{-# ANN f (defSyn "f") #-}
{-# ANN f (TestBench 'g) #-}

g :: Signal Bool
g = ...

Instances

Instances details
Eq TopEntity Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Data TopEntity Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> TopEntity -> c TopEntity #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c TopEntity #

toConstr :: TopEntity -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: TopEntity -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c TopEntity) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c TopEntity) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> TopEntity -> TopEntity #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> TopEntity -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> TopEntity -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> TopEntity -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> TopEntity -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> TopEntity -> m TopEntity #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> TopEntity -> m TopEntity #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> TopEntity -> m TopEntity #

Show TopEntity Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Generic TopEntity Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Associated Types

type Rep TopEntity :: Type -> Type #

Lift TopEntity Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

type Rep TopEntity Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

data PortName Source #

Give port names for arguments/results.

Give a data type and function:

data T = MkT Int Bool

{-# ANN f (defSyn "f") #-}
f :: Int -> T -> (T,Bool)
f a b = ...

Clash would normally generate the following VHDL entity:

entity f is
  port(a      : in signed(63 downto 0);
       b_0    : in signed(63 downto 0);
       b_1    : in boolean;
       result : out std_logic_vector(65 downto 0));
end;

However, we can change this by using PortNames. So by:

{-# ANN f
   (Synthesize
      { t_name   = "f"
      , t_inputs = [ PortName "a"
                   , PortName "b" ]
      , t_output = PortName "res" }) #-}
f :: Int -> T -> (T,Bool)
f a b = ...

we get:

entity f is
  port(a   : in signed(63 downto 0);
       b   : in std_logic_vector(64 downto 0);
       res : out std_logic_vector(65 downto 0));
end;

If we want to name fields for tuples/records we have to use PortProduct

{-# ANN f
   (Synthesize
      { t_name   = "f"
      , t_inputs = [ PortName "a"
                   , PortProduct "" [ PortName "b", PortName "c" ] ]
      , t_output = PortProduct "res" [PortName "q"] }) #-}
f :: Int -> T -> (T,Bool)
f a b = ...

So that we get:

entity f is
  port(a     : in signed(63 downto 0);
       b     : in signed(63 downto 0);
       c     : in boolean;
       res_q : out std_logic_vector(64 downto 0);
       res_1 : out boolean);
end;

Notice how we didn't name the second field of the result, and the second output port got PortProduct name, "res", as a prefix for its name.

Constructors

PortName String

You want a port, with the given name, for the entire argument/type

You can use an empty String ,"" , in case you want an auto-generated name.

PortProduct String [PortName]

You want to assign ports to fields of a product argument/type

The first argument of PortProduct is the name of:

  1. The signal/wire to which the individual ports are aggregated.
  2. The prefix for any unnamed ports below the PortProduct

You can use an empty String ,"" , in case you want an auto-generated name.

Instances

Instances details
Eq PortName Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Data PortName Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> PortName -> c PortName #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c PortName #

toConstr :: PortName -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: PortName -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c PortName) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c PortName) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> PortName -> PortName #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> PortName -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> PortName -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> PortName -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> PortName -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> PortName -> m PortName #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> PortName -> m PortName #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> PortName -> m PortName #

Show PortName Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Generic PortName Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Associated Types

type Rep PortName :: Type -> Type #

Methods

from :: PortName -> Rep PortName x #

to :: Rep PortName x -> PortName #

Lift PortName Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

type Rep PortName Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Clash.Annotations.TopEntity

Convenience functions

defSyn :: String -> TopEntity Source #

Default Synthesize annotation which has no specified names for the input and output ports.

>>> defSyn "foo"
Synthesize {t_name = "foo", t_inputs = [], t_output = PortName ""}