base-compat-0.5.0: A compatibility layer for base

Safe HaskellSafe-Inferred

Data.Monoid.Compat

Contents

Synopsis

Monoid typeclass

class Monoid a where

The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following laws: 

  • mappend mempty x = x
  • mappend x mempty = x
  • mappend x (mappend y z) = mappend (mappend x y) z
  • mconcat = foldr mappend mempty

The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances.

Minimal complete definition: mempty and mappend.

Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product.

Methods

mempty :: a

Identity of mappend

mappend :: a -> a -> a

An associative operation

mconcat :: [a] -> a

Fold a list using the monoid. For most types, the default definition for mconcat will be used, but the function is included in the class definition so that an optimized version can be provided for specific types.

Instances

Monoid Ordering 
Monoid () 
Monoid All 
Monoid Any 
Monoid [a] 
Monoid a => Monoid (Dual a) 
Monoid (Endo a) 
Num a => Monoid (Sum a) 
Num a => Monoid (Product a) 
Monoid (First a) 
Monoid (Last a) 
Monoid a => Monoid (Maybe a)

Lift a semigroup into Maybe forming a Monoid according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoid: "Any semigroup S may be turned into a monoid simply by adjoining an element e not in S and defining e*e = e and e*s = s = s*e for all s ∈ S." Since there is no "Semigroup" typeclass providing just mappend, we use Monoid instead.

Monoid b => Monoid (a -> b) 
(Monoid a, Monoid b) => Monoid (a, b) 
Monoid a => Monoid (Const a b) 
(Monoid a, Monoid b, Monoid c) => Monoid (a, b, c) 
(Monoid a, Monoid b, Monoid c, Monoid d) => Monoid (a, b, c, d) 
(Monoid a, Monoid b, Monoid c, Monoid d, Monoid e) => Monoid (a, b, c, d, e) 

(<>) :: Monoid m => m -> m -> m

An infix synonym for mappend.

newtype Dual a

The dual of a monoid, obtained by swapping the arguments of mappend.

Constructors

Dual 

Fields

getDual :: a
 

Instances

Bounded a => Bounded (Dual a) 
Eq a => Eq (Dual a) 
Ord a => Ord (Dual a) 
Read a => Read (Dual a) 
Show a => Show (Dual a) 
Monoid a => Monoid (Dual a) 

newtype Endo a

The monoid of endomorphisms under composition.

Constructors

Endo 

Fields

appEndo :: a -> a
 

Instances

Monoid (Endo a) 

Bool wrappers

newtype All

Boolean monoid under conjunction.

Constructors

All 

Fields

getAll :: Bool
 

Instances

newtype Any

Boolean monoid under disjunction.

Constructors

Any 

Fields

getAny :: Bool
 

Instances

Num wrappers

newtype Sum a

Monoid under addition.

Constructors

Sum 

Fields

getSum :: a
 

Instances

Bounded a => Bounded (Sum a) 
Eq a => Eq (Sum a) 
Ord a => Ord (Sum a) 
Read a => Read (Sum a) 
Show a => Show (Sum a) 
Num a => Monoid (Sum a) 

newtype Product a

Monoid under multiplication.

Constructors

Product 

Fields

getProduct :: a
 

Instances

Bounded a => Bounded (Product a) 
Eq a => Eq (Product a) 
Ord a => Ord (Product a) 
Read a => Read (Product a) 
Show a => Show (Product a) 
Num a => Monoid (Product a) 

Maybe wrappers

newtype First a

Maybe monoid returning the leftmost non-Nothing value.

Constructors

First 

Fields

getFirst :: Maybe a
 

Instances

Eq a => Eq (First a) 
Ord a => Ord (First a) 
Read a => Read (First a) 
Show a => Show (First a) 
Monoid (First a) 

newtype Last a

Maybe monoid returning the rightmost non-Nothing value.

Constructors

Last 

Fields

getLast :: Maybe a
 

Instances

Eq a => Eq (Last a) 
Ord a => Ord (Last a) 
Read a => Read (Last a) 
Show a => Show (Last a) 
Monoid (Last a)