Safe Haskell | Safe |
---|
- quickCheck :: Testable prop => prop -> IO ()
- data Args = Args {}
- data Result
- = Success { }
- | GaveUp { }
- | Failure {
- numTests :: Int
- numShrinks :: Int
- numShrinkTries :: Int
- numShrinkFinal :: Int
- usedSeed :: QCGen
- usedSize :: Int
- reason :: String
- theException :: Maybe AnException
- labels :: [(String, Int)]
- output :: String
- | NoExpectedFailure { }
- stdArgs :: Args
- quickCheckWith :: Testable prop => Args -> prop -> IO ()
- quickCheckWithResult :: Testable prop => Args -> prop -> IO Result
- quickCheckResult :: Testable prop => prop -> IO Result
- verboseCheck :: Testable prop => prop -> IO ()
- verboseCheckWith :: Testable prop => Args -> prop -> IO ()
- verboseCheckWithResult :: Testable prop => Args -> prop -> IO Result
- verboseCheckResult :: Testable prop => prop -> IO Result
- quickCheckAll :: Q Exp
- verboseCheckAll :: Q Exp
- forAllProperties :: Q Exp
- polyQuickCheck :: Name -> ExpQ
- polyVerboseCheck :: Name -> ExpQ
- monomorphic :: Name -> ExpQ
- data Gen a
- choose :: Random a => (a, a) -> Gen a
- oneof :: [Gen a] -> Gen a
- frequency :: [(Int, Gen a)] -> Gen a
- elements :: [a] -> Gen a
- growingElements :: [a] -> Gen a
- sized :: (Int -> Gen a) -> Gen a
- resize :: Int -> Gen a -> Gen a
- suchThat :: Gen a -> (a -> Bool) -> Gen a
- suchThatMaybe :: Gen a -> (a -> Bool) -> Gen (Maybe a)
- listOf :: Gen a -> Gen [a]
- listOf1 :: Gen a -> Gen [a]
- vectorOf :: Int -> Gen a -> Gen [a]
- infiniteListOf :: Gen a -> Gen [a]
- vector :: Arbitrary a => Int -> Gen [a]
- orderedList :: (Ord a, Arbitrary a) => Gen [a]
- infiniteList :: Arbitrary a => Gen [a]
- generate :: Gen a -> IO a
- sample :: Show a => Gen a -> IO ()
- sample' :: Gen a -> IO [a]
- class Arbitrary a where
- class CoArbitrary a where
- coarbitrary :: a -> Gen b -> Gen b
- arbitrarySizedIntegral :: Integral a => Gen a
- arbitrarySizedFractional :: Fractional a => Gen a
- arbitrarySizedBoundedIntegral :: (Bounded a, Integral a) => Gen a
- arbitraryBoundedIntegral :: (Bounded a, Integral a) => Gen a
- arbitraryBoundedRandom :: (Bounded a, Random a) => Gen a
- arbitraryBoundedEnum :: (Bounded a, Enum a) => Gen a
- genericShrink :: (Generic a, Typeable a, RecursivelyShrink (Rep a), Subterms (Rep a)) => a -> [a]
- subterms :: (Generic a, Typeable a, Subterms (Rep a)) => a -> [a]
- recursivelyShrink :: (Generic a, RecursivelyShrink (Rep a)) => a -> [a]
- shrinkNothing :: a -> [a]
- shrinkList :: (a -> [a]) -> [a] -> [[a]]
- shrinkIntegral :: Integral a => a -> [a]
- shrinkRealFrac :: RealFrac a => a -> [a]
- shrinkRealFracToInteger :: RealFrac a => a -> [a]
- variant :: Integral n => n -> Gen a -> Gen a
- coarbitraryIntegral :: Integral a => a -> Gen b -> Gen b
- coarbitraryReal :: Real a => a -> Gen b -> Gen b
- coarbitraryShow :: Show a => a -> Gen b -> Gen b
- coarbitraryEnum :: Enum a => a -> Gen b -> Gen b
- (><) :: (Gen a -> Gen a) -> (Gen a -> Gen a) -> Gen a -> Gen a
- newtype Blind a = Blind {
- getBlind :: a
- newtype Fixed a = Fixed {
- getFixed :: a
- newtype OrderedList a = Ordered {
- getOrdered :: [a]
- newtype NonEmptyList a = NonEmpty {
- getNonEmpty :: [a]
- newtype Positive a = Positive {
- getPositive :: a
- newtype NonZero a = NonZero {
- getNonZero :: a
- newtype NonNegative a = NonNegative {
- getNonNegative :: a
- newtype Large a = Large {
- getLarge :: a
- newtype Small a = Small {
- getSmall :: a
- data Smart a = Smart Int a
- newtype Shrink2 a = Shrink2 {
- getShrink2 :: a
- data Shrinking s a = Shrinking s a
- class ShrinkState s a where
- shrinkInit :: a -> s
- shrinkState :: a -> s -> [(a, s)]
- data Property
- class Testable prop where
- property :: prop -> Property
- exhaustive :: prop -> Bool
- forAll :: (Show a, Testable prop) => Gen a -> (a -> prop) -> Property
- forAllShrink :: (Show a, Testable prop) => Gen a -> (a -> [a]) -> (a -> prop) -> Property
- shrinking :: Testable prop => (a -> [a]) -> a -> (a -> prop) -> Property
- (==>) :: Testable prop => Bool -> prop -> Property
- (===) :: (Eq a, Show a) => a -> a -> Property
- ioProperty :: Testable prop => IO prop -> Property
- verbose :: Testable prop => prop -> Property
- once :: Testable prop => prop -> Property
- within :: Testable prop => Int -> prop -> Property
- noShrinking :: Testable prop => prop -> Property
- (.&.) :: (Testable prop1, Testable prop2) => prop1 -> prop2 -> Property
- (.&&.) :: (Testable prop1, Testable prop2) => prop1 -> prop2 -> Property
- conjoin :: Testable prop => [prop] -> Property
- (.||.) :: (Testable prop1, Testable prop2) => prop1 -> prop2 -> Property
- disjoin :: Testable prop => [prop] -> Property
- counterexample :: Testable prop => String -> prop -> Property
- printTestCase :: Testable prop => String -> prop -> Property
- whenFail :: Testable prop => IO () -> prop -> Property
- whenFail' :: Testable prop => IO () -> prop -> Property
- expectFailure :: Testable prop => prop -> Property
- label :: Testable prop => String -> prop -> Property
- collect :: (Show a, Testable prop) => a -> prop -> Property
- classify :: Testable prop => Bool -> String -> prop -> Property
- cover :: Testable prop => Bool -> Int -> String -> prop -> Property
- data Discard = Discard
- discard :: a
- mapSize :: Testable prop => (Int -> Int) -> prop -> Property
Running tests
quickCheck :: Testable prop => prop -> IO ()Source
Tests a property and prints the results to stdout
.
Args specifies arguments to the QuickCheck driver
Args | |
|
Result represents the test result
Success | A successful test run |
GaveUp | Given up |
Failure | A failed test run |
| |
NoExpectedFailure | A property that should have failed did not |
quickCheckWith :: Testable prop => Args -> prop -> IO ()Source
Tests a property, using test arguments, and prints the results to stdout
.
quickCheckWithResult :: Testable prop => Args -> prop -> IO ResultSource
Tests a property, using test arguments, produces a test result, and prints the results to stdout
.
quickCheckResult :: Testable prop => prop -> IO ResultSource
Tests a property, produces a test result, and prints the results to stdout
.
Running tests verbosely
verboseCheck :: Testable prop => prop -> IO ()Source
Tests a property and prints the results and all test cases generated to stdout
.
This is just a convenience function that means the same as
.
quickCheck
. verbose
verboseCheckWith :: Testable prop => Args -> prop -> IO ()Source
Tests a property, using test arguments, and prints the results and all test cases generated to stdout
.
This is just a convenience function that combines quickCheckWith
and verbose
.
verboseCheckWithResult :: Testable prop => Args -> prop -> IO ResultSource
Tests a property, using test arguments, produces a test result, and prints the results and all test cases generated to stdout
.
This is just a convenience function that combines quickCheckWithResult
and verbose
.
verboseCheckResult :: Testable prop => prop -> IO ResultSource
Tests a property, produces a test result, and prints the results and all test cases generated to stdout
.
This is just a convenience function that combines quickCheckResult
and verbose
.
Testing all properties in a module
Test all properties in the current module.
The name of the property must begin with prop_
.
Polymorphic properties will be defaulted to Integer
.
Returns True
if all tests succeeded, False
otherwise.
Using quickCheckAll
interactively doesn't work.
Instead, add a definition to your module along the lines of
runTests = $quickCheckAll
and then execute runTests
.
verboseCheckAll :: Q ExpSource
Test all properties in the current module.
This is just a convenience function that combines quickCheckAll
and verbose
.
forAllProperties :: Q ExpSource
Test all properties in the current module, using a custom
quickCheck
function. The same caveats as with quickCheckAll
apply.
$
has type forAllProperties
(
.
An example invocation is Property
-> IO
Result
) -> IO
Bool
$
,
which does the same thing as forAllProperties
quickCheckResult
$
.
quickCheckAll
Testing polymorphic properties
polyQuickCheck :: Name -> ExpQSource
Test a polymorphic property, defaulting all type variables to Integer
.
Invoke as $(
, where polyQuickCheck
'prop)prop
is a property.
Note that just evaluating
in GHCi will seem to
work, but will silently default all type variables to quickCheck
prop()
!
$(
means the same as
polyQuickCheck
'prop)
.
If you want to supply custom arguments to quickCheck
$(monomorphic
'prop)polyQuickCheck
,
you will have to combine quickCheckWith
and monomorphic
yourself.
polyVerboseCheck :: Name -> ExpQSource
Test a polymorphic property, defaulting all type variables to Integer
.
This is just a convenience function that combines verboseCheck
and monomorphic
.
monomorphic :: Name -> ExpQSource
Monomorphise an arbitrary property by defaulting all type variables to Integer
.
For example, if f
has type
then Ord
a => [a] -> [a]$(
has type monomorphic
'f)[
.
Integer
] -> [Integer
]
Random generation
A generator for values of type a
.
Generator combinators
oneof :: [Gen a] -> Gen aSource
Randomly uses one of the given generators. The input list must be non-empty.
frequency :: [(Int, Gen a)] -> Gen aSource
Chooses one of the given generators, with a weighted random distribution. The input list must be non-empty.
growingElements :: [a] -> Gen aSource
Takes a list of elements of increasing size, and chooses among an initial segment of the list. The size of this initial segment increases with the size parameter. The input list must be non-empty.
sized :: (Int -> Gen a) -> Gen aSource
Used to construct generators that depend on the size parameter.
resize :: Int -> Gen a -> Gen aSource
Overrides the size parameter. Returns a generator which uses the given size instead of the runtime-size parameter.
suchThatMaybe :: Gen a -> (a -> Bool) -> Gen (Maybe a)Source
Tries to generate a value that satisfies a predicate.
listOf :: Gen a -> Gen [a]Source
Generates a list of random length. The maximum length depends on the size parameter.
listOf1 :: Gen a -> Gen [a]Source
Generates a non-empty list of random length. The maximum length depends on the size parameter.
infiniteListOf :: Gen a -> Gen [a]Source
Generates an infinite list.
Generators which use Arbitrary
orderedList :: (Ord a, Arbitrary a) => Gen [a]Source
Generates an ordered list of a given length.
infiniteList :: Arbitrary a => Gen [a]Source
Generate an infinite list.
Running a generator
Generator debugging
Arbitrary and CoArbitrary classes
Random generation and shrinking of values.
A generator for values of the given type.
Produces a (possibly) empty list of all the possible immediate shrinks of the given value. The default implementation returns the empty list, so will not try to shrink the value.
Most implementations of shrink
should try at least three things:
- Shrink a term to any of its immediate subterms.
- Recursively apply
shrink
to all immediate subterms. - Type-specific shrinkings such as replacing a constructor by a simpler constructor.
For example, suppose we have the following implementation of binary trees:
data Tree a = Nil | Branch a (Tree a) (Tree a)
We can then define shrink
as follows:
shrink Nil = [] shrink (Branch x l r) = -- shrink Branch to Nil [Nil] ++ -- shrink to subterms [l, r] ++ -- recursively shrink subterms [Branch x' l' r' | (x', l', r') <- shrink (x, l, r)]
There are a couple of subtleties here:
- QuickCheck tries the shrinking candidates in the order they
appear in the list, so we put more aggressive shrinking steps
(such as replacing the whole tree by
Nil
) before smaller ones (such as recursively shrinking the subtrees). - It is tempting to write the last line as
[Branch x' l' r' | x' <- shrink x, l' <- shrink l, r' <- shrink r]
but this is the wrong thing! It will force QuickCheck to shrinkx
,l
andr
in tandem, and shrinking will stop once one of the three is fully shrunk.
There is a fair bit of boilerplate in the code above.
We can avoid it with the help of some generic functions;
note that these only work on GHC 7.2 and above.
The function genericShrink
tries shrinking a term to all of its
subterms and, failing that, recursively shrinks the subterms.
Using it, we can define shrink
as:
shrink x = shrinkToNil x ++ genericShrink x where shrinkToNil Nil = [] shrinkToNil (Branch _ l r) = [Nil]
genericShrink
is a combination of subterms
, which shrinks
a term to any of its subterms, and recursivelyShrink
, which shrinks
all subterms of a term. These may be useful if you need a bit more
control over shrinking than genericShrink
gives you.
A final gotcha: we cannot define shrink
as simply
as this shrinks shrink
x = Nil:genericShrink
xNil
to Nil
, and shrinking will go into an
infinite loop.
If all this leaves you bewildered, you might try
to begin with,
after deriving shrink
= genericShrink
Generic
and Typeable
for your type. However, if your data type has any
special invariants, you will need to check that genericShrink
can't break those invariants.
class CoArbitrary a whereSource
Used for random generation of functions.
coarbitrary :: a -> Gen b -> Gen bSource
Used to generate a function of type a -> b
.
The first argument is a value, the second a generator.
You should use variant
to perturb the random generator;
the goal is that different values for the first argument will
lead to different calls to variant
. An example will help:
instance CoArbitrary a => CoArbitrary [a] where coarbitrary [] =variant
0 coarbitrary (x:xs) =variant
1 . coarbitrary (x,xs)
Helper functions for implementing arbitrary
arbitrarySizedIntegral :: Integral a => Gen aSource
Generates an integral number. The number can be positive or negative and its maximum absolute value depends on the size parameter.
arbitrarySizedFractional :: Fractional a => Gen aSource
Generates a fractional number. The number can be positive or negative and its maximum absolute value depends on the size parameter.
arbitrarySizedBoundedIntegral :: (Bounded a, Integral a) => Gen aSource
Generates an integral number from a bounded domain. The number is chosen from the entire range of the type, but small numbers are generated more often than big numbers. Inspired by demands from Phil Wadler.
arbitraryBoundedIntegral :: (Bounded a, Integral a) => Gen aSource
Generates an integral number. The number is chosen uniformly from
the entire range of the type. You may want to use
arbitrarySizedBoundedIntegral
instead.
arbitraryBoundedRandom :: (Bounded a, Random a) => Gen aSource
Generates an element of a bounded type. The element is chosen from the entire range of the type.
arbitraryBoundedEnum :: (Bounded a, Enum a) => Gen aSource
Generates an element of a bounded enumeration.
Helper functions for implementing shrink
genericShrink :: (Generic a, Typeable a, RecursivelyShrink (Rep a), Subterms (Rep a)) => a -> [a]Source
Shrink a term to any of its immediate subterms, and also recursively shrink all subterms.
subterms :: (Generic a, Typeable a, Subterms (Rep a)) => a -> [a]Source
All immediate subterms of a term.
recursivelyShrink :: (Generic a, RecursivelyShrink (Rep a)) => a -> [a]Source
Recursively shrink all immediate subterms.
shrinkNothing :: a -> [a]Source
Returns no shrinking alternatives.
shrinkList :: (a -> [a]) -> [a] -> [[a]]Source
Shrink a list of values given a shrinking function for individual values.
shrinkIntegral :: Integral a => a -> [a]Source
Shrink an integral number.
shrinkRealFrac :: RealFrac a => a -> [a]Source
Shrink a fraction.
shrinkRealFracToInteger :: RealFrac a => a -> [a]Source
Shrink a fraction, but only shrink to integral values.
Helper functions for implementing coarbitrary
coarbitraryIntegral :: Integral a => a -> Gen b -> Gen bSource
A coarbitrary
implementation for integral numbers.
coarbitraryReal :: Real a => a -> Gen b -> Gen bSource
A coarbitrary
implementation for real numbers.
coarbitraryShow :: Show a => a -> Gen b -> Gen bSource
coarbitrary
helper for lazy people :-).
coarbitraryEnum :: Enum a => a -> Gen b -> Gen bSource
A coarbitrary
implementation for enums.
(><) :: (Gen a -> Gen a) -> (Gen a -> Gen a) -> Gen a -> Gen aSource
Deprecated: Use ordinary function composition instead
Combine two generator perturbing functions, for example the
results of calls to variant
or coarbitrary
.
Type-level modifiers for changing generator behavior
Blind x
: as x, but x does not have to be in the Show
class.
Fixed x
: as x, but will not be shrunk.
newtype OrderedList a Source
Ordered xs
: guarantees that xs is ordered.
Ordered | |
|
Functor OrderedList | |
Eq a => Eq (OrderedList a) | |
Ord a => Ord (OrderedList a) | |
Read a => Read (OrderedList a) | |
Show a => Show (OrderedList a) | |
(Ord a, Arbitrary a) => Arbitrary (OrderedList a) |
newtype NonEmptyList a Source
NonEmpty xs
: guarantees that xs is non-empty.
NonEmpty | |
|
Functor NonEmptyList | |
Eq a => Eq (NonEmptyList a) | |
Ord a => Ord (NonEmptyList a) | |
Read a => Read (NonEmptyList a) | |
Show a => Show (NonEmptyList a) | |
Arbitrary a => Arbitrary (NonEmptyList a) |
Positive x
: guarantees that x > 0
.
Positive | |
|
NonZero x
: guarantees that x /= 0
.
NonZero | |
|
newtype NonNegative a Source
NonNegative x
: guarantees that x >= 0
.
Functor NonNegative | |
Enum a => Enum (NonNegative a) | |
Eq a => Eq (NonNegative a) | |
Integral a => Integral (NonNegative a) | |
Num a => Num (NonNegative a) | |
Ord a => Ord (NonNegative a) | |
Read a => Read (NonNegative a) | |
Real a => Real (NonNegative a) | |
Show a => Show (NonNegative a) | |
(Num a, Ord a, Arbitrary a) => Arbitrary (NonNegative a) |
Large x
: by default, QuickCheck generates Int
s drawn from a small
range. Large Int
gives you values drawn from the entire range instead.
Small x
: generates values of x
drawn from a small range.
The opposite of Large
.
Smart _ x
: tries a different order when shrinking.
Shrink2 x
: allows 2 shrinking steps at the same time when shrinking x
Shrink2 | |
|
Shrinking _ x
: allows for maintaining a state during shrinking.
Shrinking s a |
class ShrinkState s a whereSource
shrinkInit :: a -> sSource
shrinkState :: a -> s -> [(a, s)]Source
Properties
class Testable prop whereSource
The class of things which can be tested, i.e. turned into a property.
Property combinators
forAll :: (Show a, Testable prop) => Gen a -> (a -> prop) -> PropertySource
Explicit universal quantification: uses an explicitly given test case generator.
forAllShrink :: (Show a, Testable prop) => Gen a -> (a -> [a]) -> (a -> prop) -> PropertySource
Like forAll
, but tries to shrink the argument for failing test cases.
:: Testable prop | |
=> (a -> [a]) |
|
-> a | The original argument |
-> (a -> prop) | |
-> Property |
Shrinks the argument to property if it fails. Shrinking is done automatically for most types. This is only needed when you want to override the default behavior.
(==>) :: Testable prop => Bool -> prop -> PropertySource
Implication for properties: The resulting property holds if
the first argument is False
(in which case the test case is discarded),
or if the given property holds.
(===) :: (Eq a, Show a) => a -> a -> PropertySource
Like ==
, but prints a counterexample when it fails.
ioProperty :: Testable prop => IO prop -> PropertySource
Do I/O inside a property. This can obviously lead to unrepeatable testcases, so use with care.
For more advanced monadic testing you may want to look at Test.QuickCheck.Monadic.
Controlling property execution
verbose :: Testable prop => prop -> PropertySource
Prints out the generated testcase every time the property is tested.
Only variables quantified over inside the verbose
are printed.
once :: Testable prop => prop -> PropertySource
Modifies a property so that it only will be tested once.
within :: Testable prop => Int -> prop -> PropertySource
Considers a property failed if it does not complete within the given number of microseconds.
noShrinking :: Testable prop => prop -> PropertySource
Disables shrinking for a property altogether.
Conjunction and disjunction
(.&.) :: (Testable prop1, Testable prop2) => prop1 -> prop2 -> PropertySource
Nondeterministic choice: p1
.&.
p2
picks randomly one of
p1
and p2
to test. If you test the property 100 times it
makes 100 random choices.
(.&&.) :: (Testable prop1, Testable prop2) => prop1 -> prop2 -> PropertySource
Conjunction: p1
.&&.
p2
passes if both p1
and p2
pass.
(.||.) :: (Testable prop1, Testable prop2) => prop1 -> prop2 -> PropertySource
Disjunction: p1
.||.
p2
passes unless p1
and p2
simultaneously fail.
What to do on failure
counterexample :: Testable prop => String -> prop -> PropertySource
Adds the given string to the counterexample.
printTestCase :: Testable prop => String -> prop -> PropertySource
Deprecated: Use counterexample instead
Adds the given string to the counterexample.
whenFail :: Testable prop => IO () -> prop -> PropertySource
Performs an IO
action after the last failure of a property.
whenFail' :: Testable prop => IO () -> prop -> PropertySource
Performs an IO
action every time a property fails. Thus,
if shrinking is done, this can be used to keep track of the
failures along the way.
expectFailure :: Testable prop => prop -> PropertySource
Indicates that a property is supposed to fail. QuickCheck will report an error if it does not fail.
Analysing test distribution
label :: Testable prop => String -> prop -> PropertySource
Attaches a label to a property. This is used for reporting test case distribution.
collect :: (Show a, Testable prop) => a -> prop -> PropertySource
Labels a property with a value:
collect x = label (show x)
:: Testable prop | |
=> Bool |
|
-> String | Label. |
-> prop | |
-> Property |
Conditionally labels test case.
:: Testable prop | |
=> Bool |
|
-> Int | The required percentage (0-100) of test cases. |
-> String | Label for the test case class. |
-> prop | |
-> Property |
Checks that at least the given proportion of the test cases belong to the given class.
Miscellaneous
If a property returns Discard
, the current test case is discarded,
the same as if a precondition was false.
A special exception that makes QuickCheck discard the test case.
Normally you should use ==>
, but if for some reason this isn't
possible (e.g. you are deep inside a generator), use discard
instead.