threepenny-gui-0.9.4.1: GUI framework that uses the web browser as a display.
Safe HaskellSafe-Inferred
LanguageHaskell2010

Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Core

Synopsis

Synopsis

Core functionality of the Threepenny GUI library.

Server

To display the user interface, you have to start a server using startGUI. Then, visit the URL http://localhost:8023/ in your browser (assuming that you use the default server configuration defaultConfig, or have set the port number to jsPort=Just 8023.)

The server is multithreaded. FFI calls can be made concurrently, but events are handled sequentially.

FFI calls can be buffered, so in some circumstances, it may happen that you manipulate the browser window, but the effect is not immediately visible. See CallBufferMode for more information.

data Config Source #

Static configuration for a Foreign.JavaScript server.

This is a record type which has the following fields:

  • jsPort :: Maybe Int

    Port number. Nothing means that the port number is read from the environment variable PORT. Alternatively, port 8023 is used if this variable is not set.

  • jsAddr :: Maybe ByteString

    Bind address. Nothing means that the bind address is read from the environment variable ADDR. Alternatively, address 127.0.0.1 is used if this variable is not set.

  • jsCustomHTML :: Maybe FilePath

    Custom HTML file to replace the default one.

  • jsStatic :: Maybe FilePath

    Directory that is served under /static.

  • jsLog :: ByteString -> IO ()

    Function to print a single log message.

  • jsWindowReloadOnDisconnect :: Bool

    Reload the browser window if the connection to the server was dropped accidentally, for instance because the computer was put to sleep and awoken again.

  • jsCallBufferMode :: CallBufferMode

    The initial CallBufferMode to use for runFunction. It can be changed at any time with setCallBufferMode.

  • jsUseSSLBind :: Maybe ConfigSSL

    Whether to serve on a HTTPS connection instead of HTTP for improved security.

    • Just with a ConfigSSL to serve on HTTPS. Note that this will fail silently unless the snap-server package has been compiled with the openssl flag enabled.
    • Nothing to serve on HTTP.

(For reasons of forward compatibility, the constructor is not exported.)

data ConfigSSL Source #

Static configuration for the SSL version of the Foreign.JavaScript server.

This is a record type which has the following fields:

  • jsSSLBind :: ByteString

    Bind address.

  • jsSSLCert :: FilePath

    Path to SSL certificate file. Example: cert.pem.

  • jsSSLChainCert :: Bool

    If it is SSL chain certificate file.

  • jsSSLKey :: FilePath

    Path to SSL key file. Example: key.pem.

  • jsSSLPort :: ByteString

    Port number. Example: 443.

defaultConfig :: Config Source #

Default configuration.

Port from environment variable or 8023, listening on localhost, no custom HTML, no static directory, logging to stderr, do reload on disconnect, buffer FFI calls.

startGUI Source #

Arguments

:: Config

Server configuration.

-> (Window -> UI ())

Action to run whenever a client browser connects.

-> IO () 

Start server for GUI sessions.

loadFile Source #

Arguments

:: String

MIME type

-> FilePath

Local path to the file

-> UI String

Relative URI under which this file is now accessible

Begin to serve a local file with a given MimeType under a relative URI.

loadDirectory :: FilePath -> UI String Source #

Make a local directory available under a relative URI.

UI monad

data UI a Source #

User interface elements are created and manipulated in the UI monad.

This monad is essentially just a thin wrapper around the familiar IO monad. Use the liftIO function to access IO operations like reading and writing from files.

There are several subtle reasons why Threepenny uses a custom UI monad instead of the standard IO monad:

  • More convenience when calling JavaScript. The monad keeps track of a browser Window context in which JavaScript function calls are executed.
  • Recursion for functional reactive programming.

Instances

Instances details
MonadFix UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

mfix :: (a -> UI a) -> UI a #

MonadIO UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

liftIO :: IO a -> UI a #

Applicative UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> UI a #

(<*>) :: UI (a -> b) -> UI a -> UI b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> UI a -> UI b -> UI c #

(*>) :: UI a -> UI b -> UI b #

(<*) :: UI a -> UI b -> UI a #

Functor UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> UI a -> UI b #

(<$) :: a -> UI b -> UI a #

Monad UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

(>>=) :: UI a -> (a -> UI b) -> UI b #

(>>) :: UI a -> UI b -> UI b #

return :: a -> UI a #

MonadCatch UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

catch :: (HasCallStack, Exception e) => UI a -> (e -> UI a) -> UI a #

MonadThrow UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

throwM :: (HasCallStack, Exception e) => e -> UI a #

MonadUI UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

liftUI :: UI a -> UI a Source #

runUI :: Window -> UI a -> IO a Source #

Execute an UI action in a particular browser window. Also runs all scheduled IO actions.

class Monad m => MonadUI m where Source #

Methods

liftUI :: UI a -> m a Source #

Lift a computation from the UI monad.

Instances

Instances details
MonadUI UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

liftUI :: UI a -> UI a Source #

askWindow :: UI Window Source #

Retrieve current Window context in the UI monad.

liftIOLater :: IO () -> UI () Source #

Schedule an IO action to be run later.

Browser Window

data Window Source #

The type Window represents a browser window.

title :: WriteAttr Window String Source #

Title of the client window.

DOM elements

Create and manipulate DOM elements.

data Element Source #

Instances

Instances details
ToJS Element Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

render :: Element -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [Element] -> IO JSCode Source #

Widget Element Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Core

mkElement :: String -> UI Element Source #

Make a new DOM element with a given tag name.

mkElementNamespace :: Maybe String -> String -> UI Element Source #

Make a new DOM element with a namespace and a given tag name.

A namespace Nothing corresponds to the default HTML namespace.

delete :: Element -> UI () Source #

Delete the given element.

This operation removes the element from the browser window DOM and marks it for garbage collection on the Haskell side. The element is unusable afterwards.

NOTE: If you wish to temporarily remove an element from the DOM tree, change the children property of its parent element instead.

string :: String -> UI Element Source #

Make a span element with a given text content.

getHead :: Window -> UI Element Source #

Get the head of the page.

getBody :: Window -> UI Element Source #

Get the body of the page.

(#+) :: UI Element -> [UI Element] -> UI Element infixl 8 Source #

Append DOM elements as children to a given element.

children :: WriteAttr Element [Element] Source #

Child elements of a given element.

text :: WriteAttr Element String Source #

Text content of an element.

html :: WriteAttr Element String Source #

Child elements of a given element as a HTML string.

attr :: String -> WriteAttr Element String Source #

HTML attributes of an element.

style :: WriteAttr Element [(String, String)] Source #

Set CSS style of an Element

value :: Attr Element String Source #

Value attribute of an element. Particularly relevant for control widgets like input.

getElementsByTagName Source #

Arguments

:: Window

Browser window

-> String

The tag name.

-> UI [Element]

All elements with that tag name.

Get all elements of the given tag name.

getElementById Source #

Arguments

:: Window

Browser window

-> String

The ID string.

-> UI (Maybe Element)

Element (if any) with given ID.

Get an element by a particular ID.

getElementsByClassName Source #

Arguments

:: Window

Browser window

-> String

The class string.

-> UI [Element]

Elements with given class.

Get a list of elements by particular class.

Layout

Combinators for quickly creating layouts. They can be adjusted with CSS later on.

grid :: [[UI Element]] -> UI Element Source #

Align given elements in a rectangular grid.

Layout is achieved by using the CSS display:table property. The following element tree will be generated

 <div class="table">
   <div class="table-row">
     <div class="table-cell"> ... </div>
     <div class="table-cell"> ... </div>
   </div>
   <div class="table-row">
     ...
   </div>
  ...
  </div>

You can customatize the actual layout by assigning an id to the element and changing the .table, .table-row and table-column classes in a custom CSS file.

row :: [UI Element] -> UI Element Source #

Align given elements in a row. Special case of grid.

column :: [UI Element] -> UI Element Source #

Align given elements in a column. Special case of grid.

Events

For a list of predefined events, see Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Events.

type EventData = Value Source #

Events may carry data. At the moment, they may return a single JSON value, as defined in the Data.Aeson module.

domEvent Source #

Arguments

:: String

Event name. A full list can be found at http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/dom_obj_event.asp. Note that the on-prefix is not included, the name is click and so on.

-> Element

Element where the event is to occur.

-> Event EventData 

Obtain DOM event for a given element.

unsafeFromJSON :: FromJSON a => EventData -> a Source #

Convert event data to a Haskell value. Throws an exception when the data cannot be converted.

disconnect :: Window -> Event () Source #

Event that occurs whenever the client has disconnected, be it by closing the browser window or by exception.

Note: DOM Elements in a browser window that has been closed can no longer be manipulated.

on :: (element -> Event a) -> element -> (a -> UI void) -> UI () Source #

Convenience function to register Events for Elements.

Example usage.

on click element $ \_ -> ...

onEvent :: Event a -> (a -> UI void) -> UI (UI ()) Source #

Register an UI action to be executed whenever the Event happens.

FIXME: Should be unified with on?

onChanges :: Behavior a -> (a -> UI void) -> UI () Source #

Execute a UI action whenever a Behavior changes. Use sparingly, it is recommended that you use sink instead.

class Functor f => Applicative (f :: Type -> Type) where #

A functor with application, providing operations to

  • embed pure expressions (pure), and
  • sequence computations and combine their results (<*> and liftA2).

A minimal complete definition must include implementations of pure and of either <*> or liftA2. If it defines both, then they must behave the same as their default definitions:

(<*>) = liftA2 id
liftA2 f x y = f <$> x <*> y

Further, any definition must satisfy the following:

Identity
pure id <*> v = v
Composition
pure (.) <*> u <*> v <*> w = u <*> (v <*> w)
Homomorphism
pure f <*> pure x = pure (f x)
Interchange
u <*> pure y = pure ($ y) <*> u

The other methods have the following default definitions, which may be overridden with equivalent specialized implementations:

As a consequence of these laws, the Functor instance for f will satisfy

It may be useful to note that supposing

forall x y. p (q x y) = f x . g y

it follows from the above that

liftA2 p (liftA2 q u v) = liftA2 f u . liftA2 g v

If f is also a Monad, it should satisfy

(which implies that pure and <*> satisfy the applicative functor laws).

Minimal complete definition

pure, ((<*>) | liftA2)

Methods

pure :: a -> f a #

Lift a value.

(<*>) :: f (a -> b) -> f a -> f b infixl 4 #

Sequential application.

A few functors support an implementation of <*> that is more efficient than the default one.

Example

Expand

Used in combination with (<$>), (<*>) can be used to build a record.

>>> data MyState = MyState {arg1 :: Foo, arg2 :: Bar, arg3 :: Baz}
>>> produceFoo :: Applicative f => f Foo
>>> produceBar :: Applicative f => f Bar
>>> produceBaz :: Applicative f => f Baz
>>> mkState :: Applicative f => f MyState
>>> mkState = MyState <$> produceFoo <*> produceBar <*> produceBaz

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> f a -> f b -> f c #

Lift a binary function to actions.

Some functors support an implementation of liftA2 that is more efficient than the default one. In particular, if fmap is an expensive operation, it is likely better to use liftA2 than to fmap over the structure and then use <*>.

This became a typeclass method in 4.10.0.0. Prior to that, it was a function defined in terms of <*> and fmap.

Example

Expand
>>> liftA2 (,) (Just 3) (Just 5)
Just (3,5)

(*>) :: f a -> f b -> f b infixl 4 #

Sequence actions, discarding the value of the first argument.

Examples

Expand

If used in conjunction with the Applicative instance for Maybe, you can chain Maybe computations, with a possible "early return" in case of Nothing.

>>> Just 2 *> Just 3
Just 3
>>> Nothing *> Just 3
Nothing

Of course a more interesting use case would be to have effectful computations instead of just returning pure values.

>>> import Data.Char
>>> import Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP
>>> let p = string "my name is " *> munch1 isAlpha <* eof
>>> readP_to_S p "my name is Simon"
[("Simon","")]

(<*) :: f a -> f b -> f a infixl 4 #

Sequence actions, discarding the value of the second argument.

Instances

Instances details
Applicative IResult 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> IResult a #

(<*>) :: IResult (a -> b) -> IResult a -> IResult b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> IResult a -> IResult b -> IResult c #

(*>) :: IResult a -> IResult b -> IResult b #

(<*) :: IResult a -> IResult b -> IResult a #

Applicative Parser 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Parser a #

(<*>) :: Parser (a -> b) -> Parser a -> Parser b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Parser a -> Parser b -> Parser c #

(*>) :: Parser a -> Parser b -> Parser b #

(<*) :: Parser a -> Parser b -> Parser a #

Applicative Result 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Result a #

(<*>) :: Result (a -> b) -> Result a -> Result b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Result a -> Result b -> Result c #

(*>) :: Result a -> Result b -> Result b #

(<*) :: Result a -> Result b -> Result a #

Applicative Concurrently 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async.Internal

Applicative ZipList
f <$> ZipList xs1 <*> ... <*> ZipList xsN
    = ZipList (zipWithN f xs1 ... xsN)

where zipWithN refers to the zipWith function of the appropriate arity (zipWith, zipWith3, zipWith4, ...). For example:

(\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) <$> ZipList "abcd" <*> ZipList "567" <*> ZipList [1..]
    = ZipList (zipWith3 (\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) "abcd" "567" [1..])
    = ZipList {getZipList = ["a5","b6b6","c7c7c7"]}

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a -> ZipList a #

(<*>) :: ZipList (a -> b) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList c #

(*>) :: ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList b #

(<*) :: ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList a #

Applicative Identity

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Identity

Methods

pure :: a -> Identity a #

(<*>) :: Identity (a -> b) -> Identity a -> Identity b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Identity a -> Identity b -> Identity c #

(*>) :: Identity a -> Identity b -> Identity b #

(<*) :: Identity a -> Identity b -> Identity a #

Applicative First

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

pure :: a -> First a #

(<*>) :: First (a -> b) -> First a -> First b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> First a -> First b -> First c #

(*>) :: First a -> First b -> First b #

(<*) :: First a -> First b -> First a #

Applicative Last

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

pure :: a -> Last a #

(<*>) :: Last (a -> b) -> Last a -> Last b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Last a -> Last b -> Last c #

(*>) :: Last a -> Last b -> Last b #

(<*) :: Last a -> Last b -> Last a #

Applicative Max

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

pure :: a -> Max a #

(<*>) :: Max (a -> b) -> Max a -> Max b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Max a -> Max b -> Max c #

(*>) :: Max a -> Max b -> Max b #

(<*) :: Max a -> Max b -> Max a #

Applicative Min

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

pure :: a -> Min a #

(<*>) :: Min (a -> b) -> Min a -> Min b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Min a -> Min b -> Min c #

(*>) :: Min a -> Min b -> Min b #

(<*) :: Min a -> Min b -> Min a #

Applicative NonEmpty

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> NonEmpty a #

(<*>) :: NonEmpty (a -> b) -> NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty b -> NonEmpty c #

(*>) :: NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty b -> NonEmpty b #

(<*) :: NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty b -> NonEmpty a #

Applicative STM

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Conc.Sync

Methods

pure :: a -> STM a #

(<*>) :: STM (a -> b) -> STM a -> STM b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> STM a -> STM b -> STM c #

(*>) :: STM a -> STM b -> STM b #

(<*) :: STM a -> STM b -> STM a #

Applicative Par1

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> Par1 a #

(<*>) :: Par1 (a -> b) -> Par1 a -> Par1 b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Par1 a -> Par1 b -> Par1 c #

(*>) :: Par1 a -> Par1 b -> Par1 b #

(<*) :: Par1 a -> Par1 b -> Par1 a #

Applicative P

Since: base-4.5.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP

Methods

pure :: a -> P a #

(<*>) :: P (a -> b) -> P a -> P b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> P a -> P b -> P c #

(*>) :: P a -> P b -> P b #

(<*) :: P a -> P b -> P a #

Applicative ReadP

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP

Methods

pure :: a -> ReadP a #

(<*>) :: ReadP (a -> b) -> ReadP a -> ReadP b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ReadP a -> ReadP b -> ReadP c #

(*>) :: ReadP a -> ReadP b -> ReadP b #

(<*) :: ReadP a -> ReadP b -> ReadP a #

Applicative ReadPrec

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadPrec

Methods

pure :: a -> ReadPrec a #

(<*>) :: ReadPrec (a -> b) -> ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec b -> ReadPrec c #

(*>) :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec b -> ReadPrec b #

(<*) :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec b -> ReadPrec a #

Applicative Seq

Since: containers-0.5.4

Instance details

Defined in Data.Sequence.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Seq a #

(<*>) :: Seq (a -> b) -> Seq a -> Seq b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Seq a -> Seq b -> Seq c #

(*>) :: Seq a -> Seq b -> Seq b #

(<*) :: Seq a -> Seq b -> Seq a #

Applicative Tree 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Tree

Methods

pure :: a -> Tree a #

(<*>) :: Tree (a -> b) -> Tree a -> Tree b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Tree a -> Tree b -> Tree c #

(*>) :: Tree a -> Tree b -> Tree b #

(<*) :: Tree a -> Tree b -> Tree a #

Applicative DNonEmpty 
Instance details

Defined in Data.DList.DNonEmpty.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> DNonEmpty a #

(<*>) :: DNonEmpty (a -> b) -> DNonEmpty a -> DNonEmpty b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> DNonEmpty a -> DNonEmpty b -> DNonEmpty c #

(*>) :: DNonEmpty a -> DNonEmpty b -> DNonEmpty b #

(<*) :: DNonEmpty a -> DNonEmpty b -> DNonEmpty a #

Applicative DList 
Instance details

Defined in Data.DList.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> DList a #

(<*>) :: DList (a -> b) -> DList a -> DList b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> DList a -> DList b -> DList c #

(*>) :: DList a -> DList b -> DList b #

(<*) :: DList a -> DList b -> DList a #

Applicative IO

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> IO a #

(<*>) :: IO (a -> b) -> IO a -> IO b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> IO a -> IO b -> IO c #

(*>) :: IO a -> IO b -> IO b #

(<*) :: IO a -> IO b -> IO a #

Applicative Snap 
Instance details

Defined in Snap.Internal.Core

Methods

pure :: a -> Snap a #

(<*>) :: Snap (a -> b) -> Snap a -> Snap b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Snap a -> Snap b -> Snap c #

(*>) :: Snap a -> Snap b -> Snap b #

(<*) :: Snap a -> Snap b -> Snap a #

Applicative Q 
Instance details

Defined in Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax

Methods

pure :: a -> Q a #

(<*>) :: Q (a -> b) -> Q a -> Q b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Q a -> Q b -> Q c #

(*>) :: Q a -> Q b -> Q b #

(<*) :: Q a -> Q b -> Q a #

Applicative UI Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> UI a #

(<*>) :: UI (a -> b) -> UI a -> UI b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> UI a -> UI b -> UI c #

(*>) :: UI a -> UI b -> UI b #

(<*) :: UI a -> UI b -> UI a #

Applicative Behavior Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Reactive.Threepenny

Methods

pure :: a -> Behavior a #

(<*>) :: Behavior (a -> b) -> Behavior a -> Behavior b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Behavior a -> Behavior b -> Behavior c #

(*>) :: Behavior a -> Behavior b -> Behavior b #

(<*) :: Behavior a -> Behavior b -> Behavior a #

Applicative Tidings Source #

The applicative instance combines rumors and uses facts when some of the rumors are not available.

Instance details

Defined in Reactive.Threepenny

Methods

pure :: a -> Tidings a #

(<*>) :: Tidings (a -> b) -> Tidings a -> Tidings b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Tidings a -> Tidings b -> Tidings c #

(*>) :: Tidings a -> Tidings b -> Tidings b #

(<*) :: Tidings a -> Tidings b -> Tidings a #

Applicative Vector 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Vector

Methods

pure :: a -> Vector a #

(<*>) :: Vector (a -> b) -> Vector a -> Vector b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Vector a -> Vector b -> Vector c #

(*>) :: Vector a -> Vector b -> Vector b #

(<*) :: Vector a -> Vector b -> Vector a #

Applicative Stream 
Instance details

Defined in Codec.Compression.Zlib.Stream

Methods

pure :: a -> Stream a #

(<*>) :: Stream (a -> b) -> Stream a -> Stream b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Stream a -> Stream b -> Stream c #

(*>) :: Stream a -> Stream b -> Stream b #

(<*) :: Stream a -> Stream b -> Stream a #

Applicative Maybe

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> Maybe a #

(<*>) :: Maybe (a -> b) -> Maybe a -> Maybe b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Maybe a -> Maybe b -> Maybe c #

(*>) :: Maybe a -> Maybe b -> Maybe b #

(<*) :: Maybe a -> Maybe b -> Maybe a #

Applicative Solo

Since: base-4.15

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> Solo a #

(<*>) :: Solo (a -> b) -> Solo a -> Solo b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Solo a -> Solo b -> Solo c #

(*>) :: Solo a -> Solo b -> Solo b #

(<*) :: Solo a -> Solo b -> Solo a #

Applicative List

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> [a] #

(<*>) :: [a -> b] -> [a] -> [b] #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c] #

(*>) :: [a] -> [b] -> [b] #

(<*) :: [a] -> [b] -> [a] #

Applicative (ConcurrentlyE e) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> ConcurrentlyE e a #

(<*>) :: ConcurrentlyE e (a -> b) -> ConcurrentlyE e a -> ConcurrentlyE e b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ConcurrentlyE e a -> ConcurrentlyE e b -> ConcurrentlyE e c #

(*>) :: ConcurrentlyE e a -> ConcurrentlyE e b -> ConcurrentlyE e b #

(<*) :: ConcurrentlyE e a -> ConcurrentlyE e b -> ConcurrentlyE e a #

Applicative (Parser i) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Attoparsec.Internal.Types

Methods

pure :: a -> Parser i a #

(<*>) :: Parser i (a -> b) -> Parser i a -> Parser i b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Parser i a -> Parser i b -> Parser i c #

(*>) :: Parser i a -> Parser i b -> Parser i b #

(<*) :: Parser i a -> Parser i b -> Parser i a #

Monad m => Applicative (WrappedMonad m)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a -> WrappedMonad m a #

(<*>) :: WrappedMonad m (a -> b) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m c #

(*>) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m b #

(<*) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m a #

Applicative (ST s)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.ST.Lazy.Imp

Methods

pure :: a -> ST s a #

(<*>) :: ST s (a -> b) -> ST s a -> ST s b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s c #

(*>) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s b #

(<*) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s a #

Applicative (Either e)

Since: base-3.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Either

Methods

pure :: a -> Either e a #

(<*>) :: Either e (a -> b) -> Either e a -> Either e b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Either e a -> Either e b -> Either e c #

(*>) :: Either e a -> Either e b -> Either e b #

(<*) :: Either e a -> Either e b -> Either e a #

Applicative (Proxy :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Proxy

Methods

pure :: a -> Proxy a #

(<*>) :: Proxy (a -> b) -> Proxy a -> Proxy b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Proxy a -> Proxy b -> Proxy c #

(*>) :: Proxy a -> Proxy b -> Proxy b #

(<*) :: Proxy a -> Proxy b -> Proxy a #

Applicative (U1 :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> U1 a #

(<*>) :: U1 (a -> b) -> U1 a -> U1 b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> U1 a -> U1 b -> U1 c #

(*>) :: U1 a -> U1 b -> U1 b #

(<*) :: U1 a -> U1 b -> U1 a #

Applicative (ST s)

Since: base-4.4.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.ST

Methods

pure :: a -> ST s a #

(<*>) :: ST s (a -> b) -> ST s a -> ST s b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s c #

(*>) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s b #

(<*) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s a #

Semigroup a => Applicative (These a) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Strict.These

Methods

pure :: a0 -> These a a0 #

(<*>) :: These a (a0 -> b) -> These a a0 -> These a b #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b -> c) -> These a a0 -> These a b -> These a c #

(*>) :: These a a0 -> These a b -> These a b #

(<*) :: These a a0 -> These a b -> These a a0 #

Semigroup a => Applicative (These a) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.These

Methods

pure :: a0 -> These a a0 #

(<*>) :: These a (a0 -> b) -> These a a0 -> These a b #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b -> c) -> These a a0 -> These a b -> These a c #

(*>) :: These a a0 -> These a b -> These a b #

(<*) :: These a a0 -> These a b -> These a a0 #

(Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (MaybeT m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Maybe

Methods

pure :: a -> MaybeT m a #

(<*>) :: MaybeT m (a -> b) -> MaybeT m a -> MaybeT m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> MaybeT m a -> MaybeT m b -> MaybeT m c #

(*>) :: MaybeT m a -> MaybeT m b -> MaybeT m b #

(<*) :: MaybeT m a -> MaybeT m b -> MaybeT m a #

Monoid a => Applicative ((,) a)

For tuples, the Monoid constraint on a determines how the first values merge. For example, Strings concatenate:

("hello ", (+15)) <*> ("world!", 2002)
("hello world!",2017)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a0 -> (a, a0) #

(<*>) :: (a, a0 -> b) -> (a, a0) -> (a, b) #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b -> c) -> (a, a0) -> (a, b) -> (a, c) #

(*>) :: (a, a0) -> (a, b) -> (a, b) #

(<*) :: (a, a0) -> (a, b) -> (a, a0) #

Arrow a => Applicative (WrappedArrow a b)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 #

(<*>) :: WrappedArrow a b (a0 -> b0) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b0 -> c) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b c #

(*>) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 #

(<*) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 #

Monoid m => Applicative (Const m :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-2.0.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

pure :: a -> Const m a #

(<*>) :: Const m (a -> b) -> Const m a -> Const m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m c #

(*>) :: Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m b #

(<*) :: Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m a #

(Generic1 f, Applicative (Rep1 f)) => Applicative (Generically1 f)

Since: base-4.17.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> Generically1 f a #

(<*>) :: Generically1 f (a -> b) -> Generically1 f a -> Generically1 f b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Generically1 f a -> Generically1 f b -> Generically1 f c #

(*>) :: Generically1 f a -> Generically1 f b -> Generically1 f b #

(<*) :: Generically1 f a -> Generically1 f b -> Generically1 f a #

Applicative f => Applicative (Rec1 f)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> Rec1 f a #

(<*>) :: Rec1 f (a -> b) -> Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f b -> Rec1 f c #

(*>) :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f b -> Rec1 f b #

(<*) :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f b -> Rec1 f a #

(Applicative f, Monad f) => Applicative (WhenMissing f x)

Equivalent to ReaderT k (ReaderT x (MaybeT f)).

Since: containers-0.5.9

Instance details

Defined in Data.IntMap.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> WhenMissing f x a #

(<*>) :: WhenMissing f x (a -> b) -> WhenMissing f x a -> WhenMissing f x b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WhenMissing f x a -> WhenMissing f x b -> WhenMissing f x c #

(*>) :: WhenMissing f x a -> WhenMissing f x b -> WhenMissing f x b #

(<*) :: WhenMissing f x a -> WhenMissing f x b -> WhenMissing f x a #

Applicative (Tagged s) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Tagged

Methods

pure :: a -> Tagged s a #

(<*>) :: Tagged s (a -> b) -> Tagged s a -> Tagged s b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Tagged s a -> Tagged s b -> Tagged s c #

(*>) :: Tagged s a -> Tagged s b -> Tagged s b #

(<*) :: Tagged s a -> Tagged s b -> Tagged s a #

Applicative f => Applicative (Backwards f)

Apply f-actions in the reverse order.

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative.Backwards

Methods

pure :: a -> Backwards f a #

(<*>) :: Backwards f (a -> b) -> Backwards f a -> Backwards f b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Backwards f a -> Backwards f b -> Backwards f c #

(*>) :: Backwards f a -> Backwards f b -> Backwards f b #

(<*) :: Backwards f a -> Backwards f b -> Backwards f a #

(Monoid w, Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (AccumT w m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Accum

Methods

pure :: a -> AccumT w m a #

(<*>) :: AccumT w m (a -> b) -> AccumT w m a -> AccumT w m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> AccumT w m a -> AccumT w m b -> AccumT w m c #

(*>) :: AccumT w m a -> AccumT w m b -> AccumT w m b #

(<*) :: AccumT w m a -> AccumT w m b -> AccumT w m a #

(Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (ExceptT e m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Except

Methods

pure :: a -> ExceptT e m a #

(<*>) :: ExceptT e m (a -> b) -> ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e m b -> ExceptT e m c #

(*>) :: ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e m b -> ExceptT e m b #

(<*) :: ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e m b -> ExceptT e m a #

Applicative m => Applicative (IdentityT m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Identity

Methods

pure :: a -> IdentityT m a #

(<*>) :: IdentityT m (a -> b) -> IdentityT m a -> IdentityT m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> IdentityT m a -> IdentityT m b -> IdentityT m c #

(*>) :: IdentityT m a -> IdentityT m b -> IdentityT m b #

(<*) :: IdentityT m a -> IdentityT m b -> IdentityT m a #

Applicative m => Applicative (ReaderT r m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Reader

Methods

pure :: a -> ReaderT r m a #

(<*>) :: ReaderT r m (a -> b) -> ReaderT r m a -> ReaderT r m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ReaderT r m a -> ReaderT r m b -> ReaderT r m c #

(*>) :: ReaderT r m a -> ReaderT r m b -> ReaderT r m b #

(<*) :: ReaderT r m a -> ReaderT r m b -> ReaderT r m a #

(Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (SelectT r m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Select

Methods

pure :: a -> SelectT r m a #

(<*>) :: SelectT r m (a -> b) -> SelectT r m a -> SelectT r m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> SelectT r m a -> SelectT r m b -> SelectT r m c #

(*>) :: SelectT r m a -> SelectT r m b -> SelectT r m b #

(<*) :: SelectT r m a -> SelectT r m b -> SelectT r m a #

(Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (StateT s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.State.Lazy

Methods

pure :: a -> StateT s m a #

(<*>) :: StateT s m (a -> b) -> StateT s m a -> StateT s m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> StateT s m a -> StateT s m b -> StateT s m c #

(*>) :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m b -> StateT s m b #

(<*) :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m b -> StateT s m a #

(Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (StateT s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.State.Strict

Methods

pure :: a -> StateT s m a #

(<*>) :: StateT s m (a -> b) -> StateT s m a -> StateT s m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> StateT s m a -> StateT s m b -> StateT s m c #

(*>) :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m b -> StateT s m b #

(<*) :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m b -> StateT s m a #

(Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (WriterT w m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.CPS

Methods

pure :: a -> WriterT w m a #

(<*>) :: WriterT w m (a -> b) -> WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b -> WriterT w m c #

(*>) :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b -> WriterT w m b #

(<*) :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b -> WriterT w m a #

(Monoid w, Applicative m) => Applicative (WriterT w m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.Lazy

Methods

pure :: a -> WriterT w m a #

(<*>) :: WriterT w m (a -> b) -> WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b -> WriterT w m c #

(*>) :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b -> WriterT w m b #

(<*) :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b -> WriterT w m a #

(Monoid w, Applicative m) => Applicative (WriterT w m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.Strict

Methods

pure :: a -> WriterT w m a #

(<*>) :: WriterT w m (a -> b) -> WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b -> WriterT w m c #

(*>) :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b -> WriterT w m b #

(<*) :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m b -> WriterT w m a #

Monoid a => Applicative (Constant a :: Type -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Constant

Methods

pure :: a0 -> Constant a a0 #

(<*>) :: Constant a (a0 -> b) -> Constant a a0 -> Constant a b #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b -> c) -> Constant a a0 -> Constant a b -> Constant a c #

(*>) :: Constant a a0 -> Constant a b -> Constant a b #

(<*) :: Constant a a0 -> Constant a b -> Constant a a0 #

Applicative f => Applicative (Reverse f)

Derived instance.

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Reverse

Methods

pure :: a -> Reverse f a #

(<*>) :: Reverse f (a -> b) -> Reverse f a -> Reverse f b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Reverse f a -> Reverse f b -> Reverse f c #

(*>) :: Reverse f a -> Reverse f b -> Reverse f b #

(<*) :: Reverse f a -> Reverse f b -> Reverse f a #

(Monoid a, Monoid b) => Applicative ((,,) a b)

Since: base-4.14.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a0 -> (a, b, a0) #

(<*>) :: (a, b, a0 -> b0) -> (a, b, a0) -> (a, b, b0) #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b0 -> c) -> (a, b, a0) -> (a, b, b0) -> (a, b, c) #

(*>) :: (a, b, a0) -> (a, b, b0) -> (a, b, b0) #

(<*) :: (a, b, a0) -> (a, b, b0) -> (a, b, a0) #

(Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (f :*: g)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> (f :*: g) a #

(<*>) :: (f :*: g) (a -> b) -> (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) b -> (f :*: g) c #

(*>) :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) b -> (f :*: g) b #

(<*) :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) b -> (f :*: g) a #

Monoid c => Applicative (K1 i c :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> K1 i c a #

(<*>) :: K1 i c (a -> b) -> K1 i c a -> K1 i c b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c0) -> K1 i c a -> K1 i c b -> K1 i c c0 #

(*>) :: K1 i c a -> K1 i c b -> K1 i c b #

(<*) :: K1 i c a -> K1 i c b -> K1 i c a #

(Monad f, Applicative f) => Applicative (WhenMatched f x y)

Equivalent to ReaderT Key (ReaderT x (ReaderT y (MaybeT f)))

Since: containers-0.5.9

Instance details

Defined in Data.IntMap.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> WhenMatched f x y a #

(<*>) :: WhenMatched f x y (a -> b) -> WhenMatched f x y a -> WhenMatched f x y b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WhenMatched f x y a -> WhenMatched f x y b -> WhenMatched f x y c #

(*>) :: WhenMatched f x y a -> WhenMatched f x y b -> WhenMatched f x y b #

(<*) :: WhenMatched f x y a -> WhenMatched f x y b -> WhenMatched f x y a #

(Applicative f, Monad f) => Applicative (WhenMissing f k x)

Equivalent to ReaderT k (ReaderT x (MaybeT f)) .

Since: containers-0.5.9

Instance details

Defined in Data.Map.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> WhenMissing f k x a #

(<*>) :: WhenMissing f k x (a -> b) -> WhenMissing f k x a -> WhenMissing f k x b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WhenMissing f k x a -> WhenMissing f k x b -> WhenMissing f k x c #

(*>) :: WhenMissing f k x a -> WhenMissing f k x b -> WhenMissing f k x b #

(<*) :: WhenMissing f k x a -> WhenMissing f k x b -> WhenMissing f k x a #

Applicative (ContT r m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Cont

Methods

pure :: a -> ContT r m a #

(<*>) :: ContT r m (a -> b) -> ContT r m a -> ContT r m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ContT r m a -> ContT r m b -> ContT r m c #

(*>) :: ContT r m a -> ContT r m b -> ContT r m b #

(<*) :: ContT r m a -> ContT r m b -> ContT r m a #

(Monoid a, Monoid b, Monoid c) => Applicative ((,,,) a b c)

Since: base-4.14.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a0 -> (a, b, c, a0) #

(<*>) :: (a, b, c, a0 -> b0) -> (a, b, c, a0) -> (a, b, c, b0) #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b0 -> c0) -> (a, b, c, a0) -> (a, b, c, b0) -> (a, b, c, c0) #

(*>) :: (a, b, c, a0) -> (a, b, c, b0) -> (a, b, c, b0) #

(<*) :: (a, b, c, a0) -> (a, b, c, b0) -> (a, b, c, a0) #

Applicative ((->) r)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> r -> a #

(<*>) :: (r -> (a -> b)) -> (r -> a) -> r -> b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> (r -> a) -> (r -> b) -> r -> c #

(*>) :: (r -> a) -> (r -> b) -> r -> b #

(<*) :: (r -> a) -> (r -> b) -> r -> a #

(Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (f :.: g)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> (f :.: g) a #

(<*>) :: (f :.: g) (a -> b) -> (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) b -> (f :.: g) c #

(*>) :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) b -> (f :.: g) b #

(<*) :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) b -> (f :.: g) a #

Applicative f => Applicative (M1 i c f)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> M1 i c f a #

(<*>) :: M1 i c f (a -> b) -> M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c0) -> M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f b -> M1 i c f c0 #

(*>) :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f b -> M1 i c f b #

(<*) :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f b -> M1 i c f a #

(Monad f, Applicative f) => Applicative (WhenMatched f k x y)

Equivalent to ReaderT k (ReaderT x (ReaderT y (MaybeT f)))

Since: containers-0.5.9

Instance details

Defined in Data.Map.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> WhenMatched f k x y a #

(<*>) :: WhenMatched f k x y (a -> b) -> WhenMatched f k x y a -> WhenMatched f k x y b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WhenMatched f k x y a -> WhenMatched f k x y b -> WhenMatched f k x y c #

(*>) :: WhenMatched f k x y a -> WhenMatched f k x y b -> WhenMatched f k x y b #

(<*) :: WhenMatched f k x y a -> WhenMatched f k x y b -> WhenMatched f k x y a #

(Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (RWST r w s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.RWS.CPS

Methods

pure :: a -> RWST r w s m a #

(<*>) :: RWST r w s m (a -> b) -> RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b -> RWST r w s m c #

(*>) :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b -> RWST r w s m b #

(<*) :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b -> RWST r w s m a #

(Monoid w, Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (RWST r w s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.RWS.Lazy

Methods

pure :: a -> RWST r w s m a #

(<*>) :: RWST r w s m (a -> b) -> RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b -> RWST r w s m c #

(*>) :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b -> RWST r w s m b #

(<*) :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b -> RWST r w s m a #

(Monoid w, Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (RWST r w s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.RWS.Strict

Methods

pure :: a -> RWST r w s m a #

(<*>) :: RWST r w s m (a -> b) -> RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b -> RWST r w s m c #

(*>) :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b -> RWST r w s m b #

(<*) :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m b -> RWST r w s m a #

class Applicative f => Alternative (f :: Type -> Type) where #

A monoid on applicative functors.

If defined, some and many should be the least solutions of the equations:

Minimal complete definition

empty, (<|>)

Methods

empty :: f a #

The identity of <|>

(<|>) :: f a -> f a -> f a infixl 3 #

An associative binary operation

some :: f a -> f [a] #

One or more.

many :: f a -> f [a] #

Zero or more.

Instances

Instances details
Alternative IResult 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal

Methods

empty :: IResult a #

(<|>) :: IResult a -> IResult a -> IResult a #

some :: IResult a -> IResult [a] #

many :: IResult a -> IResult [a] #

Alternative Parser 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal

Methods

empty :: Parser a #

(<|>) :: Parser a -> Parser a -> Parser a #

some :: Parser a -> Parser [a] #

many :: Parser a -> Parser [a] #

Alternative Result 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal

Methods

empty :: Result a #

(<|>) :: Result a -> Result a -> Result a #

some :: Result a -> Result [a] #

many :: Result a -> Result [a] #

Alternative Concurrently

empty waits forever. <|> returns the first to finish and cancels the other.

Instance details

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async.Internal

Alternative ZipList

Since: base-4.11.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

empty :: ZipList a #

(<|>) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> ZipList a #

some :: ZipList a -> ZipList [a] #

many :: ZipList a -> ZipList [a] #

Alternative STM

Takes the first non-retrying STM action.

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Conc.Sync

Methods

empty :: STM a #

(<|>) :: STM a -> STM a -> STM a #

some :: STM a -> STM [a] #

many :: STM a -> STM [a] #

Alternative P

Since: base-4.5.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP

Methods

empty :: P a #

(<|>) :: P a -> P a -> P a #

some :: P a -> P [a] #

many :: P a -> P [a] #

Alternative ReadP

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP

Methods

empty :: ReadP a #

(<|>) :: ReadP a -> ReadP a -> ReadP a #

some :: ReadP a -> ReadP [a] #

many :: ReadP a -> ReadP [a] #

Alternative ReadPrec

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadPrec

Methods

empty :: ReadPrec a #

(<|>) :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec a #

some :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec [a] #

many :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec [a] #

Alternative Seq

Since: containers-0.5.4

Instance details

Defined in Data.Sequence.Internal

Methods

empty :: Seq a #

(<|>) :: Seq a -> Seq a -> Seq a #

some :: Seq a -> Seq [a] #

many :: Seq a -> Seq [a] #

Alternative DList 
Instance details

Defined in Data.DList.Internal

Methods

empty :: DList a #

(<|>) :: DList a -> DList a -> DList a #

some :: DList a -> DList [a] #

many :: DList a -> DList [a] #

Alternative IO

Takes the first non-throwing IO action's result. empty throws an exception.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

empty :: IO a #

(<|>) :: IO a -> IO a -> IO a #

some :: IO a -> IO [a] #

many :: IO a -> IO [a] #

Alternative Snap 
Instance details

Defined in Snap.Internal.Core

Methods

empty :: Snap a #

(<|>) :: Snap a -> Snap a -> Snap a #

some :: Snap a -> Snap [a] #

many :: Snap a -> Snap [a] #

Alternative Vector 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Vector

Methods

empty :: Vector a #

(<|>) :: Vector a -> Vector a -> Vector a #

some :: Vector a -> Vector [a] #

many :: Vector a -> Vector [a] #

Alternative Maybe

Picks the leftmost Just value, or, alternatively, Nothing.

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

empty :: Maybe a #

(<|>) :: Maybe a -> Maybe a -> Maybe a #

some :: Maybe a -> Maybe [a] #

many :: Maybe a -> Maybe [a] #

Alternative List

Combines lists by concatenation, starting from the empty list.

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

empty :: [a] #

(<|>) :: [a] -> [a] -> [a] #

some :: [a] -> [[a]] #

many :: [a] -> [[a]] #

Alternative (Parser i) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Attoparsec.Internal.Types

Methods

empty :: Parser i a #

(<|>) :: Parser i a -> Parser i a -> Parser i a #

some :: Parser i a -> Parser i [a] #

many :: Parser i a -> Parser i [a] #

MonadPlus m => Alternative (WrappedMonad m)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

empty :: WrappedMonad m a #

(<|>) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m a #

some :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m [a] #

many :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m [a] #

Alternative (Proxy :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Proxy

Methods

empty :: Proxy a #

(<|>) :: Proxy a -> Proxy a -> Proxy a #

some :: Proxy a -> Proxy [a] #

many :: Proxy a -> Proxy [a] #

Alternative (U1 :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: U1 a #

(<|>) :: U1 a -> U1 a -> U1 a #

some :: U1 a -> U1 [a] #

many :: U1 a -> U1 [a] #

(Functor m, Monad m) => Alternative (MaybeT m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Maybe

Methods

empty :: MaybeT m a #

(<|>) :: MaybeT m a -> MaybeT m a -> MaybeT m a #

some :: MaybeT m a -> MaybeT m [a] #

many :: MaybeT m a -> MaybeT m [a] #

(ArrowZero a, ArrowPlus a) => Alternative (WrappedArrow a b)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

empty :: WrappedArrow a b a0 #

(<|>) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 #

some :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b [a0] #

many :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b [a0] #

(Generic1 f, Alternative (Rep1 f)) => Alternative (Generically1 f)

Since: base-4.17.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: Generically1 f a #

(<|>) :: Generically1 f a -> Generically1 f a -> Generically1 f a #

some :: Generically1 f a -> Generically1 f [a] #

many :: Generically1 f a -> Generically1 f [a] #

Alternative f => Alternative (Rec1 f)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: Rec1 f a #

(<|>) :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f a #

some :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f [a] #

many :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f [a] #

Alternative f => Alternative (Backwards f)

Try alternatives in the same order as f.

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative.Backwards

Methods

empty :: Backwards f a #

(<|>) :: Backwards f a -> Backwards f a -> Backwards f a #

some :: Backwards f a -> Backwards f [a] #

many :: Backwards f a -> Backwards f [a] #

(Monoid w, Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (AccumT w m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Accum

Methods

empty :: AccumT w m a #

(<|>) :: AccumT w m a -> AccumT w m a -> AccumT w m a #

some :: AccumT w m a -> AccumT w m [a] #

many :: AccumT w m a -> AccumT w m [a] #

(Functor m, Monad m, Monoid e) => Alternative (ExceptT e m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Except

Methods

empty :: ExceptT e m a #

(<|>) :: ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e m a #

some :: ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e m [a] #

many :: ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e m [a] #

Alternative m => Alternative (IdentityT m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Identity

Methods

empty :: IdentityT m a #

(<|>) :: IdentityT m a -> IdentityT m a -> IdentityT m a #

some :: IdentityT m a -> IdentityT m [a] #

many :: IdentityT m a -> IdentityT m [a] #

Alternative m => Alternative (ReaderT r m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Reader

Methods

empty :: ReaderT r m a #

(<|>) :: ReaderT r m a -> ReaderT r m a -> ReaderT r m a #

some :: ReaderT r m a -> ReaderT r m [a] #

many :: ReaderT r m a -> ReaderT r m [a] #

(Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (SelectT r m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Select

Methods

empty :: SelectT r m a #

(<|>) :: SelectT r m a -> SelectT r m a -> SelectT r m a #

some :: SelectT r m a -> SelectT r m [a] #

many :: SelectT r m a -> SelectT r m [a] #

(Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (StateT s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.State.Lazy

Methods

empty :: StateT s m a #

(<|>) :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m a -> StateT s m a #

some :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m [a] #

many :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m [a] #

(Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (StateT s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.State.Strict

Methods

empty :: StateT s m a #

(<|>) :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m a -> StateT s m a #

some :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m [a] #

many :: StateT s m a -> StateT s m [a] #

(Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (WriterT w m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.CPS

Methods

empty :: WriterT w m a #

(<|>) :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m a #

some :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m [a] #

many :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m [a] #

(Monoid w, Alternative m) => Alternative (WriterT w m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.Lazy

Methods

empty :: WriterT w m a #

(<|>) :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m a #

some :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m [a] #

many :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m [a] #

(Monoid w, Alternative m) => Alternative (WriterT w m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.Strict

Methods

empty :: WriterT w m a #

(<|>) :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m a #

some :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m [a] #

many :: WriterT w m a -> WriterT w m [a] #

Alternative f => Alternative (Reverse f)

Derived instance.

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Reverse

Methods

empty :: Reverse f a #

(<|>) :: Reverse f a -> Reverse f a -> Reverse f a #

some :: Reverse f a -> Reverse f [a] #

many :: Reverse f a -> Reverse f [a] #

(Alternative f, Alternative g) => Alternative (f :*: g)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: (f :*: g) a #

(<|>) :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) a #

some :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) [a] #

many :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) [a] #

(Alternative f, Applicative g) => Alternative (f :.: g)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: (f :.: g) a #

(<|>) :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) a #

some :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) [a] #

many :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) [a] #

Alternative f => Alternative (M1 i c f)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: M1 i c f a #

(<|>) :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f a #

some :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f [a] #

many :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f [a] #

(Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (RWST r w s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.RWS.CPS

Methods

empty :: RWST r w s m a #

(<|>) :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m a #

some :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m [a] #

many :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m [a] #

(Monoid w, Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (RWST r w s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.RWS.Lazy

Methods

empty :: RWST r w s m a #

(<|>) :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m a #

some :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m [a] #

many :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m [a] #

(Monoid w, Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (RWST r w s m) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Trans.RWS.Strict

Methods

empty :: RWST r w s m a #

(<|>) :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m a #

some :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m [a] #

many :: RWST r w s m a -> RWST r w s m [a] #

newtype Const a (b :: k) #

The Const functor.

Constructors

Const 

Fields

Instances

Instances details
Generic1 (Const a :: k -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Associated Types

type Rep1 (Const a) :: k -> Type #

Methods

from1 :: forall (a0 :: k0). Const a a0 -> Rep1 (Const a) a0 #

to1 :: forall (a0 :: k0). Rep1 (Const a) a0 -> Const a a0 #

FromJSON2 (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.FromJSON

Methods

liftParseJSON2 :: Maybe a -> (Value -> Parser a) -> (Value -> Parser [a]) -> Maybe b -> (Value -> Parser b) -> (Value -> Parser [b]) -> Value -> Parser (Const a b) #

liftParseJSONList2 :: Maybe a -> (Value -> Parser a) -> (Value -> Parser [a]) -> Maybe b -> (Value -> Parser b) -> (Value -> Parser [b]) -> Value -> Parser [Const a b] #

liftOmittedField2 :: Maybe a -> Maybe b -> Maybe (Const a b) #

ToJSON2 (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON

Methods

liftToJSON2 :: (a -> Bool) -> (a -> Value) -> ([a] -> Value) -> (b -> Bool) -> (b -> Value) -> ([b] -> Value) -> Const a b -> Value #

liftToJSONList2 :: (a -> Bool) -> (a -> Value) -> ([a] -> Value) -> (b -> Bool) -> (b -> Value) -> ([b] -> Value) -> [Const a b] -> Value #

liftToEncoding2 :: (a -> Bool) -> (a -> Encoding) -> ([a] -> Encoding) -> (b -> Bool) -> (b -> Encoding) -> ([b] -> Encoding) -> Const a b -> Encoding #

liftToEncodingList2 :: (a -> Bool) -> (a -> Encoding) -> ([a] -> Encoding) -> (b -> Bool) -> (b -> Encoding) -> ([b] -> Encoding) -> [Const a b] -> Encoding #

liftOmitField2 :: (a -> Bool) -> (b -> Bool) -> Const a b -> Bool #

NFData2 (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type)

Since: deepseq-1.4.3.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.DeepSeq

Methods

liftRnf2 :: (a -> ()) -> (b -> ()) -> Const a b -> () #

Hashable2 (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Hashable.Class

Methods

liftHashWithSalt2 :: (Int -> a -> Int) -> (Int -> b -> Int) -> Int -> Const a b -> Int #

FromJSON a => FromJSON1 (Const a :: Type -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.FromJSON

Methods

liftParseJSON :: Maybe a0 -> (Value -> Parser a0) -> (Value -> Parser [a0]) -> Value -> Parser (Const a a0) #

liftParseJSONList :: Maybe a0 -> (Value -> Parser a0) -> (Value -> Parser [a0]) -> Value -> Parser [Const a a0] #

liftOmittedField :: Maybe a0 -> Maybe (Const a a0) #

ToJSON a => ToJSON1 (Const a :: Type -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON

Methods

liftToJSON :: (a0 -> Bool) -> (a0 -> Value) -> ([a0] -> Value) -> Const a a0 -> Value #

liftToJSONList :: (a0 -> Bool) -> (a0 -> Value) -> ([a0] -> Value) -> [Const a a0] -> Value #

liftToEncoding :: (a0 -> Bool) -> (a0 -> Encoding) -> ([a0] -> Encoding) -> Const a a0 -> Encoding #

liftToEncodingList :: (a0 -> Bool) -> (a0 -> Encoding) -> ([a0] -> Encoding) -> [Const a a0] -> Encoding #

liftOmitField :: (a0 -> Bool) -> Const a a0 -> Bool #

Foldable (Const m :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

fold :: Monoid m0 => Const m m0 -> m0 #

foldMap :: Monoid m0 => (a -> m0) -> Const m a -> m0 #

foldMap' :: Monoid m0 => (a -> m0) -> Const m a -> m0 #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Const m a -> b #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Const m a -> b #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Const m a -> b #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Const m a -> b #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Const m a -> a #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Const m a -> a #

toList :: Const m a -> [a] #

null :: Const m a -> Bool #

length :: Const m a -> Int #

elem :: Eq a => a -> Const m a -> Bool #

maximum :: Ord a => Const m a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Const m a -> a #

sum :: Num a => Const m a -> a #

product :: Num a => Const m a -> a #

Traversable (Const m :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> Const m a -> f (Const m b) #

sequenceA :: Applicative f => Const m (f a) -> f (Const m a) #

mapM :: Monad m0 => (a -> m0 b) -> Const m a -> m0 (Const m b) #

sequence :: Monad m0 => Const m (m0 a) -> m0 (Const m a) #

Monoid m => Applicative (Const m :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-2.0.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

pure :: a -> Const m a #

(<*>) :: Const m (a -> b) -> Const m a -> Const m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m c #

(*>) :: Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m b #

(<*) :: Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m a #

Functor (Const m :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Const m a -> Const m b #

(<$) :: a -> Const m b -> Const m a #

NFData a => NFData1 (Const a :: Type -> Type)

Since: deepseq-1.4.3.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.DeepSeq

Methods

liftRnf :: (a0 -> ()) -> Const a a0 -> () #

Hashable a => Hashable1 (Const a :: Type -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Hashable.Class

Methods

liftHashWithSalt :: (Int -> a0 -> Int) -> Int -> Const a a0 -> Int #

FromJSON a => FromJSON (Const a b) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.FromJSON

(FromJSON a, FromJSONKey a) => FromJSONKey (Const a b) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.FromJSON

ToJSON a => ToJSON (Const a b) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON

Methods

toJSON :: Const a b -> Value #

toEncoding :: Const a b -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Const a b] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Const a b] -> Encoding #

omitField :: Const a b -> Bool #

(ToJSON a, ToJSONKey a) => ToJSONKey (Const a b) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON

IsString a => IsString (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.String

Methods

fromString :: String -> Const a b #

Storable a => Storable (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

sizeOf :: Const a b -> Int #

alignment :: Const a b -> Int #

peekElemOff :: Ptr (Const a b) -> Int -> IO (Const a b) #

pokeElemOff :: Ptr (Const a b) -> Int -> Const a b -> IO () #

peekByteOff :: Ptr b0 -> Int -> IO (Const a b) #

pokeByteOff :: Ptr b0 -> Int -> Const a b -> IO () #

peek :: Ptr (Const a b) -> IO (Const a b) #

poke :: Ptr (Const a b) -> Const a b -> IO () #

Monoid a => Monoid (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

mempty :: Const a b #

mappend :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

mconcat :: [Const a b] -> Const a b #

Semigroup a => Semigroup (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(<>) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Const a b) -> Const a b #

stimes :: Integral b0 => b0 -> Const a b -> Const a b #

Bits a => Bits (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(.&.) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

(.|.) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

xor :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

complement :: Const a b -> Const a b #

shift :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

rotate :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

zeroBits :: Const a b #

bit :: Int -> Const a b #

setBit :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

clearBit :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

complementBit :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

testBit :: Const a b -> Int -> Bool #

bitSizeMaybe :: Const a b -> Maybe Int #

bitSize :: Const a b -> Int #

isSigned :: Const a b -> Bool #

shiftL :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

unsafeShiftL :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

shiftR :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

unsafeShiftR :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

rotateL :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

rotateR :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b #

popCount :: Const a b -> Int #

FiniteBits a => FiniteBits (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Bounded a => Bounded (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

minBound :: Const a b #

maxBound :: Const a b #

Enum a => Enum (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

succ :: Const a b -> Const a b #

pred :: Const a b -> Const a b #

toEnum :: Int -> Const a b #

fromEnum :: Const a b -> Int #

enumFrom :: Const a b -> [Const a b] #

enumFromThen :: Const a b -> Const a b -> [Const a b] #

enumFromTo :: Const a b -> Const a b -> [Const a b] #

enumFromThenTo :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b -> [Const a b] #

Floating a => Floating (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

pi :: Const a b #

exp :: Const a b -> Const a b #

log :: Const a b -> Const a b #

sqrt :: Const a b -> Const a b #

(**) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

logBase :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

sin :: Const a b -> Const a b #

cos :: Const a b -> Const a b #

tan :: Const a b -> Const a b #

asin :: Const a b -> Const a b #

acos :: Const a b -> Const a b #

atan :: Const a b -> Const a b #

sinh :: Const a b -> Const a b #

cosh :: Const a b -> Const a b #

tanh :: Const a b -> Const a b #

asinh :: Const a b -> Const a b #

acosh :: Const a b -> Const a b #

atanh :: Const a b -> Const a b #

log1p :: Const a b -> Const a b #

expm1 :: Const a b -> Const a b #

log1pexp :: Const a b -> Const a b #

log1mexp :: Const a b -> Const a b #

RealFloat a => RealFloat (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

floatRadix :: Const a b -> Integer #

floatDigits :: Const a b -> Int #

floatRange :: Const a b -> (Int, Int) #

decodeFloat :: Const a b -> (Integer, Int) #

encodeFloat :: Integer -> Int -> Const a b #

exponent :: Const a b -> Int #

significand :: Const a b -> Const a b #

scaleFloat :: Int -> Const a b -> Const a b #

isNaN :: Const a b -> Bool #

isInfinite :: Const a b -> Bool #

isDenormalized :: Const a b -> Bool #

isNegativeZero :: Const a b -> Bool #

isIEEE :: Const a b -> Bool #

atan2 :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

Generic (Const a b) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Associated Types

type Rep (Const a b) :: Type -> Type #

Methods

from :: Const a b -> Rep (Const a b) x #

to :: Rep (Const a b) x -> Const a b #

Ix a => Ix (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

range :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> [Const a b] #

index :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Const a b -> Int #

unsafeIndex :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Const a b -> Int #

inRange :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Const a b -> Bool #

rangeSize :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Int #

unsafeRangeSize :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Int #

Num a => Num (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(+) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

(-) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

(*) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

negate :: Const a b -> Const a b #

abs :: Const a b -> Const a b #

signum :: Const a b -> Const a b #

fromInteger :: Integer -> Const a b #

Read a => Read (Const a b)

This instance would be equivalent to the derived instances of the Const newtype if the getConst field were removed

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Fractional a => Fractional (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(/) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

recip :: Const a b -> Const a b #

fromRational :: Rational -> Const a b #

Integral a => Integral (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

quot :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

rem :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

div :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

mod :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

quotRem :: Const a b -> Const a b -> (Const a b, Const a b) #

divMod :: Const a b -> Const a b -> (Const a b, Const a b) #

toInteger :: Const a b -> Integer #

Real a => Real (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

toRational :: Const a b -> Rational #

RealFrac a => RealFrac (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

properFraction :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> (b0, Const a b) #

truncate :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> b0 #

round :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> b0 #

ceiling :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> b0 #

floor :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> b0 #

Show a => Show (Const a b)

This instance would be equivalent to the derived instances of the Const newtype if the getConst field were removed

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Const a b -> ShowS #

show :: Const a b -> String #

showList :: [Const a b] -> ShowS #

NFData a => NFData (Const a b)

Since: deepseq-1.4.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.DeepSeq

Methods

rnf :: Const a b -> () #

Eq a => Eq (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(==) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool #

(/=) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool #

Ord a => Ord (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

compare :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Ordering #

(<) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool #

(<=) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool #

(>) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool #

(>=) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool #

max :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

min :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b #

Hashable a => Hashable (Const a b) 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Hashable.Class

Methods

hashWithSalt :: Int -> Const a b -> Int #

hash :: Const a b -> Int #

type Rep1 (Const a :: k -> Type)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

type Rep1 (Const a :: k -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "Const" "Data.Functor.Const" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Const" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getConst") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))
type Rep (Const a b)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

type Rep (Const a b) = D1 ('MetaData "Const" "Data.Functor.Const" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Const" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getConst") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))

type Handler a = a -> IO () Source #

An event handler is a function that takes an event value and performs some computation.

data Event a Source #

Event a represents a stream of events as they occur in time. Semantically, you can think of Event a as an infinite list of values that are tagged with their corresponding time of occurence,

type Event a = [(Time,a)]

Instances

Instances details
Functor Event Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Reactive.Threepenny

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Event a -> Event b #

(<$) :: a -> Event b -> Event a #

newtype ZipList a #

Lists, but with an Applicative functor based on zipping.

Constructors

ZipList 

Fields

Instances

Instances details
Foldable ZipList

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => ZipList m -> m #

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> ZipList a -> m #

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> ZipList a -> m #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> ZipList a -> a #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> ZipList a -> a #

toList :: ZipList a -> [a] #

null :: ZipList a -> Bool #

length :: ZipList a -> Int #

elem :: Eq a => a -> ZipList a -> Bool #

maximum :: Ord a => ZipList a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => ZipList a -> a #

sum :: Num a => ZipList a -> a #

product :: Num a => ZipList a -> a #

Traversable ZipList

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> ZipList a -> f (ZipList b) #

sequenceA :: Applicative f => ZipList (f a) -> f (ZipList a) #

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> ZipList a -> m (ZipList b) #

sequence :: Monad m => ZipList (m a) -> m (ZipList a) #

Alternative ZipList

Since: base-4.11.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

empty :: ZipList a #

(<|>) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> ZipList a #

some :: ZipList a -> ZipList [a] #

many :: ZipList a -> ZipList [a] #

Applicative ZipList
f <$> ZipList xs1 <*> ... <*> ZipList xsN
    = ZipList (zipWithN f xs1 ... xsN)

where zipWithN refers to the zipWith function of the appropriate arity (zipWith, zipWith3, zipWith4, ...). For example:

(\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) <$> ZipList "abcd" <*> ZipList "567" <*> ZipList [1..]
    = ZipList (zipWith3 (\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) "abcd" "567" [1..])
    = ZipList {getZipList = ["a5","b6b6","c7c7c7"]}

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a -> ZipList a #

(<*>) :: ZipList (a -> b) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList c #

(*>) :: ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList b #

(<*) :: ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList a #

Functor ZipList

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b #

(<$) :: a -> ZipList b -> ZipList a #

NFData1 ZipList

Since: deepseq-1.4.3.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.DeepSeq

Methods

liftRnf :: (a -> ()) -> ZipList a -> () #

Generic1 ZipList 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep1 ZipList :: k -> Type #

Methods

from1 :: forall (a :: k). ZipList a -> Rep1 ZipList a #

to1 :: forall (a :: k). Rep1 ZipList a -> ZipList a #

Generic (ZipList a) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep (ZipList a) :: Type -> Type #

Methods

from :: ZipList a -> Rep (ZipList a) x #

to :: Rep (ZipList a) x -> ZipList a #

IsList (ZipList a)

Since: base-4.15.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IsList

Associated Types

type Item (ZipList a) #

Methods

fromList :: [Item (ZipList a)] -> ZipList a #

fromListN :: Int -> [Item (ZipList a)] -> ZipList a #

toList :: ZipList a -> [Item (ZipList a)] #

Read a => Read (ZipList a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Show a => Show (ZipList a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> ZipList a -> ShowS #

show :: ZipList a -> String #

showList :: [ZipList a] -> ShowS #

NFData a => NFData (ZipList a)

Since: deepseq-1.4.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.DeepSeq

Methods

rnf :: ZipList a -> () #

Eq a => Eq (ZipList a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

(==) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> Bool #

(/=) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> Bool #

Ord a => Ord (ZipList a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

compare :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> Ordering #

(<) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> Bool #

(<=) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> Bool #

(>) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> Bool #

(>=) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> Bool #

max :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> ZipList a #

min :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> ZipList a #

type Rep1 ZipList

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep1 ZipList = D1 ('MetaData "ZipList" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "ZipList" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getZipList") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 List)))
type Rep (ZipList a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep (ZipList a) = D1 ('MetaData "ZipList" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "ZipList" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getZipList") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 [a])))
type Item (ZipList a) 
Instance details

Defined in GHC.IsList

type Item (ZipList a) = a

newtype WrappedArrow (a :: Type -> Type -> Type) b c #

Constructors

WrapArrow 

Fields

Instances

Instances details
Generic1 (WrappedArrow a b :: Type -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b) :: k -> Type #

Methods

from1 :: forall (a0 :: k). WrappedArrow a b a0 -> Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b) a0 #

to1 :: forall (a0 :: k). Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b) a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 #

(ArrowZero a, ArrowPlus a) => Alternative (WrappedArrow a b)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

empty :: WrappedArrow a b a0 #

(<|>) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 #

some :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b [a0] #

many :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b [a0] #

Arrow a => Applicative (WrappedArrow a b)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 #

(<*>) :: WrappedArrow a b (a0 -> b0) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b0 -> c) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b c #

(*>) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 #

(<*) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 #

Arrow a => Functor (WrappedArrow a b)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

fmap :: (a0 -> b0) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 #

(<$) :: a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 #

Generic (WrappedArrow a b c) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep (WrappedArrow a b c) :: Type -> Type #

Methods

from :: WrappedArrow a b c -> Rep (WrappedArrow a b c) x #

to :: Rep (WrappedArrow a b c) x -> WrappedArrow a b c #

type Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b :: Type -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "WrappedArrow" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "WrapArrow" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "unwrapArrow") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 (a b))))
type Rep (WrappedArrow a b c)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep (WrappedArrow a b c) = D1 ('MetaData "WrappedArrow" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "WrapArrow" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "unwrapArrow") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (a b c))))

newtype WrappedMonad (m :: Type -> Type) a #

Constructors

WrapMonad 

Fields

Instances

Instances details
Generic1 (WrappedMonad m :: Type -> Type) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep1 (WrappedMonad m) :: k -> Type #

Methods

from1 :: forall (a :: k). WrappedMonad m a -> Rep1 (WrappedMonad m) a #

to1 :: forall (a :: k). Rep1 (WrappedMonad m) a -> WrappedMonad m a #

MonadPlus m => Alternative (WrappedMonad m)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

empty :: WrappedMonad m a #

(<|>) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m a #

some :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m [a] #

many :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m [a] #

Monad m => Applicative (WrappedMonad m)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a -> WrappedMonad m a #

(<*>) :: WrappedMonad m (a -> b) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m c #

(*>) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m b #

(<*) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m a #

Monad m => Functor (WrappedMonad m)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b #

(<$) :: a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m a #

Monad m => Monad (WrappedMonad m)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

(>>=) :: WrappedMonad m a -> (a -> WrappedMonad m b) -> WrappedMonad m b #

(>>) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m b #

return :: a -> WrappedMonad m a #

Generic (WrappedMonad m a) 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep (WrappedMonad m a) :: Type -> Type #

Methods

from :: WrappedMonad m a -> Rep (WrappedMonad m a) x #

to :: Rep (WrappedMonad m a) x -> WrappedMonad m a #

type Rep1 (WrappedMonad m :: Type -> Type)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep1 (WrappedMonad m :: Type -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "WrappedMonad" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "WrapMonad" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "unwrapMonad") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 m)))
type Rep (WrappedMonad m a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep (WrappedMonad m a) = D1 ('MetaData "WrappedMonad" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "WrapMonad" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "unwrapMonad") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (m a))))

data Tidings a Source #

Data type representing a behavior (facts) and suggestions to change it (rumors).

Instances

Instances details
Applicative Tidings Source #

The applicative instance combines rumors and uses facts when some of the rumors are not available.

Instance details

Defined in Reactive.Threepenny

Methods

pure :: a -> Tidings a #

(<*>) :: Tidings (a -> b) -> Tidings a -> Tidings b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Tidings a -> Tidings b -> Tidings c #

(*>) :: Tidings a -> Tidings b -> Tidings b #

(<*) :: Tidings a -> Tidings b -> Tidings a #

Functor Tidings Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Reactive.Threepenny

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Tidings a -> Tidings b #

(<$) :: a -> Tidings b -> Tidings a #

data Behavior a Source #

Behavior a represents a value that varies in time. Think of it as

type Behavior a = Time -> a

Instances

Instances details
Applicative Behavior Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Reactive.Threepenny

Methods

pure :: a -> Behavior a #

(<*>) :: Behavior (a -> b) -> Behavior a -> Behavior b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Behavior a -> Behavior b -> Behavior c #

(*>) :: Behavior a -> Behavior b -> Behavior b #

(<*) :: Behavior a -> Behavior b -> Behavior a #

Functor Behavior Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Reactive.Threepenny

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Behavior a -> Behavior b #

(<$) :: a -> Behavior b -> Behavior a #

test :: IO (Int -> IO ()) Source #

apply :: Behavior (a -> b) -> Event a -> Event b Source #

Apply a time-varying function to a stream of events. Think of it as

apply bf ex = [(time, bf time x) | (time, x) <- ex]

unionWith :: (a -> a -> a) -> Event a -> Event a -> Event a Source #

Merge two event streams of the same type. In case of simultaneous occurrences, the event values are combined with the binary function. Think of it as

unionWith f ((timex,x):xs) ((timey,y):ys)
   | timex == timey = (timex,f x y) : unionWith f xs ys
   | timex <  timey = (timex,x)     : unionWith f xs ((timey,y):ys)
   | timex >  timey = (timey,y)     : unionWith f ((timex,x):xs) ys

(<$>) :: Functor f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b infixl 4 #

An infix synonym for fmap.

The name of this operator is an allusion to $. Note the similarities between their types:

 ($)  ::              (a -> b) ->   a ->   b
(<$>) :: Functor f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b

Whereas $ is function application, <$> is function application lifted over a Functor.

Examples

Expand

Convert from a Maybe Int to a Maybe String using show:

>>> show <$> Nothing
Nothing
>>> show <$> Just 3
Just "3"

Convert from an Either Int Int to an Either Int String using show:

>>> show <$> Left 17
Left 17
>>> show <$> Right 17
Right "17"

Double each element of a list:

>>> (*2) <$> [1,2,3]
[2,4,6]

Apply even to the second element of a pair:

>>> even <$> (2,2)
(2,True)

(<$) :: Functor f => a -> f b -> f a infixl 4 #

Replace all locations in the input with the same value. The default definition is fmap . const, but this may be overridden with a more efficient version.

Examples

Expand

Perform a computation with Maybe and replace the result with a constant value if it is Just:

>>> 'a' <$ Just 2
Just 'a'
>>> 'a' <$ Nothing
Nothing

(<**>) :: Applicative f => f a -> f (a -> b) -> f b infixl 4 #

A variant of <*> with the arguments reversed.

liftA :: Applicative f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b #

Lift a function to actions. Equivalent to Functor's fmap but implemented using only Applicative's methods: liftA f a = pure f <*> a

As such this function may be used to implement a Functor instance from an Applicative one.

Examples

Expand

Using the Applicative instance for Lists:

>>> liftA (+1) [1, 2]
[2,3]

Or the Applicative instance for Maybe

>>> liftA (+1) (Just 3)
Just 4

liftA3 :: Applicative f => (a -> b -> c -> d) -> f a -> f b -> f c -> f d #

Lift a ternary function to actions.

optional :: Alternative f => f a -> f (Maybe a) #

One or none.

It is useful for modelling any computation that is allowed to fail.

Examples

Expand

Using the Alternative instance of Control.Monad.Except, the following functions:

>>> import Control.Monad.Except
>>> canFail = throwError "it failed" :: Except String Int
>>> final = return 42                :: Except String Int

Can be combined by allowing the first function to fail:

>>> runExcept $ canFail *> final
Left "it failed"
>>> runExcept $ optional canFail *> final
Right 42

asum :: (Foldable t, Alternative f) => t (f a) -> f a #

The sum of a collection of actions using (<|>), generalizing concat.

asum is just like msum, but generalised to Alternative.

Examples

Expand

Basic usage:

>>> asum [Just "Hello", Nothing, Just "World"]
Just "Hello"

split :: Event (Either a b) -> (Event a, Event b) Source #

Split event occurrences according to a tag. The Left values go into the left component while the Right values go into the right component of the result.

(<@>) :: Behavior (a -> b) -> Event a -> Event b infixl 4 Source #

Infix synonym for apply, similar to <*>.

(<@) :: Behavior a -> Event b -> Event a infixl 4 Source #

Variant of apply similar to <*

unions :: [Event a] -> Event [a] Source #

Collect simultaneous event occurrences in a list.

mapAccum :: MonadIO m => acc -> Event (acc -> (x, acc)) -> m (Event x, Behavior acc) Source #

Efficient combination of accumE and accumB.

register :: Event a -> Handler a -> IO (IO ()) Source #

Register an event Handler for an Event. All registered handlers will be called whenever the event occurs.

When registering an event handler, you will also be given an action that unregisters this handler again.

do unregisterMyHandler <- register event myHandler

FIXME: Unregistering event handlers does not work yet.

tidings :: Behavior a -> Event a -> Tidings a Source #

Smart constructor. Combine facts and rumors into Tidings.

newEvent :: IO (Event a, Handler a) Source #

Create a new event. Also returns a function that triggers an event occurrence.

currentValue :: MonadIO m => Behavior a -> m a Source #

Read the current value of a Behavior.

never :: Event a Source #

Event that never occurs. Think of it as never = [].

filterJust :: Event (Maybe a) -> Event a Source #

Return all event occurrences that are Just values, discard the rest. Think of it as

filterJust es = [(time,a) | (time,Just a) <- es]

accumE :: MonadIO m => a -> Event (a -> a) -> m (Event a) Source #

The accumE function accumulates a stream of events. Example:

accumE "x" [(time1,(++"y")),(time2,(++"z"))]
   = return [(time1,"xy"),(time2,"xyz")]

Note that the output events are simultaneous with the input events, there is no "delay" like in the case of accumB.

stepper :: MonadIO m => a -> Event a -> m (Behavior a) Source #

Construct a time-varying function from an initial value and a stream of new values. Think of it as

stepper x0 ex = return $ \time ->
    last (x0 : [x | (timex,x) <- ex, timex < time])

Note that the smaller-than-sign in the comparison timex < time means that the value of the behavior changes "slightly after" the event occurrences. This allows for recursive definitions.

filterE :: (a -> Bool) -> Event a -> Event a Source #

Return all event occurrences that fulfill the predicate, discard the rest.

filterApply :: Behavior (a -> Bool) -> Event a -> Event a Source #

Return all event occurrences that fulfill the time-varying predicate, discard the rest. Generalization of filterE.

whenE :: Behavior Bool -> Event a -> Event a Source #

Return event occurrences only when the behavior is True. Variant of filterApply.

concatenate :: [a -> a] -> a -> a Source #

Apply a list of functions in succession. Useful in conjunction with unions.

concatenate [f,g,h] = f . g . h

accumB :: MonadIO m => a -> Event (a -> a) -> m (Behavior a) Source #

The accumB function is similar to a strict left fold, foldl'. It starts with an initial value and combines it with incoming events. For example, think

accumB "x" [(time1,(++"y")),(time2,(++"z"))]
   = stepper "x" [(time1,"xy"),(time2,"xyz")]

Note that the value of the behavior changes "slightly after" the events occur. This allows for recursive definitions.

unsafeMapIO :: (a -> IO b) -> Event a -> Event b Source #

newEventsNamed Source #

Arguments

:: Ord name 
=> Handler (name, Event a, Handler a)

Initialization procedure.

-> IO (name -> Event a)

Series of events.

Create a series of events with delayed initialization.

For each name, the initialization handler will be called exactly once when the event is first "brought to life", e.g. when an event handler is registered to it.

Attributes

For a list of predefined attributes, see Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Attributes.

(#) :: a -> (a -> b) -> b infixl 8 Source #

Reverse function application. Allows convenient notation for setting properties.

Example usage.

mkElement "div"
    # set style     [("color","#CCAABB")]
    # set draggable True
    # set children  otherElements

(#.) :: UI Element -> String -> UI Element infixl 8 Source #

Convenient combinator for setting the CSS class on element creation.

type Attr x a = ReadWriteAttr x a a Source #

Attributes can be set and get.

type WriteAttr x i = ReadWriteAttr x i () Source #

Attribute that only supports the set operation.

type ReadAttr x o = ReadWriteAttr x () o Source #

Attribute that only supports the get operation.

data ReadWriteAttr x i o Source #

Generalized attribute with different types for getting and setting.

Constructors

ReadWriteAttr 

Fields

Instances

Instances details
Functor (ReadWriteAttr x i) Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Core

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> ReadWriteAttr x i a -> ReadWriteAttr x i b #

(<$) :: a -> ReadWriteAttr x i b -> ReadWriteAttr x i a #

set :: ReadWriteAttr x i o -> i -> UI x -> UI x Source #

Set value of an attribute in the UI monad. Best used in conjunction with #.

sink :: ReadWriteAttr x i o -> Behavior i -> UI x -> UI x Source #

Set the value of an attribute to a Behavior, that is a time-varying value.

Note: For reasons of efficiency, the attribute is only updated when the value changes.

get :: ReadWriteAttr x i o -> x -> UI o Source #

Get attribute value.

mkReadWriteAttr Source #

Arguments

:: (x -> UI o)

Getter.

-> (i -> x -> UI ())

Setter.

-> ReadWriteAttr x i o 

Build an attribute from a getter and a setter.

mkWriteAttr :: (i -> x -> UI ()) -> WriteAttr x i Source #

Build attribute from a setter.

mkReadAttr :: (x -> UI o) -> ReadAttr x o Source #

Build attribute from a getter.

bimapAttr :: (i' -> i) -> (o -> o') -> ReadWriteAttr x i o -> ReadWriteAttr x i' o' Source #

Map input and output type of an attribute.

fromObjectProperty :: (FromJS a, ToJS a) => String -> Attr Element a Source #

Turn a JavaScript object property .prop = ... into an attribute.

Widgets

class Widget w where Source #

Widgets are data types that have a visual representation.

Methods

getElement :: w -> Element Source #

Instances

Instances details
Widget Element Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Core

Widget TextEntry Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Widgets

Widget (ListBox a) Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Widgets

element :: MonadIO m => Widget w => w -> m Element Source #

Convenience synonym for return to make elements work well with set. Also works on Widgets.

Example usage.

e <- mkElement "button"
element e # set text "Ok"

widget :: Widget w => w -> UI w Source #

Convenience synonym for return to make widgets work well with set.

JavaScript FFI

Direct interface to JavaScript in the browser window.

debug :: String -> UI () Source #

Print a message on the client console if the client has debugging enabled.

timestamp :: UI () Source #

Print a timestamp and the difference to the previous timestamp on the client console if the client has debugging enabled.

class ToJS a Source #

Helper class for rendering Haskell values as JavaScript expressions.

Minimal complete definition

render

Instances

Instances details
ToJS Value Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

render :: Value -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [Value] -> IO JSCode Source #

ToJS Text Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

render :: Text -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [Text] -> IO JSCode Source #

ToJS JSObject Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

render :: JSObject -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [JSObject] -> IO JSCode Source #

ToJS Element Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Graphics.UI.Threepenny.Internal

Methods

render :: Element -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [Element] -> IO JSCode Source #

ToJS Bool Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

render :: Bool -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [Bool] -> IO JSCode Source #

ToJS Char Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

render :: Char -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [Char] -> IO JSCode Source #

ToJS Double Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

render :: Double -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [Double] -> IO JSCode Source #

ToJS Float Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

render :: Float -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [Float] -> IO JSCode Source #

ToJS Int Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

render :: Int -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [Int] -> IO JSCode Source #

ToJS a => ToJS [a] Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

render :: [a] -> IO JSCode Source #

renderList :: [[a]] -> IO JSCode Source #

class FFI a Source #

Helper class for making ffi a variable argument function.

Minimal complete definition

fancy

Instances

Instances details
FromJS b => FFI (JSFunction b) Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

fancy :: ([JSCode] -> IO JSCode) -> JSFunction b

(ToJS a, FFI b) => FFI (a -> b) Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

fancy :: ([JSCode] -> IO JSCode) -> a -> b

data JSFunction a Source #

A JavaScript function with a given output type a.

Instances

Instances details
Functor JSFunction Source #

Change the output type of a JSFunction.

Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> JSFunction a -> JSFunction b #

(<$) :: a -> JSFunction b -> JSFunction a #

FromJS b => FFI (JSFunction b) Source # 
Instance details

Defined in Foreign.JavaScript.Marshal

Methods

fancy :: ([JSCode] -> IO JSCode) -> JSFunction b

ffi :: FFI a => String -> a Source #

Simple JavaScript FFI with string substitution.

Inspired by the Fay language. https://github.com/faylang/fay/wiki

example :: String -> Int -> JSFunction String
example = ffi "$(%1).prop('checked',%2)"

The ffi function takes a string argument representing the JavaScript code to be executed on the client. Occurrences of the substrings %1 to %9 will be replaced by subequent arguments. The substring %% in the original will be replaced by % (character escape).

Note: Always specify a type signature! The types automate how values are marshalled between Haskell and JavaScript. The class instances for the FFI class show which conversions are supported.

runFunction :: JSFunction () -> UI () Source #

Run a JavaScript function, but do not wait for a result.

The client window uses JavaScript's eval() function to run the code.

NOTE: The JavaScript function need not be executed immediately, it can be buffered and sent to the browser window at a later time. See setCallBufferMode and flushCallBuffer for more.

callFunction :: JSFunction a -> UI a Source #

Call a JavaScript function and wait for the result.

The client window uses JavaScript's eval() function to run the code.

data CallBufferMode Source #

Specification of how JavaScript functions should be called.

Constructors

NoBuffering

When runFunction is used to call a JavaScript function, immediately send a message to the browser window to execute said function.

BufferRun

When runFunction is used to call a JavaScript function, hold back any message to the server. All JavaScript functions that are held back in this way are combined into a single message, which is finally sent whenever callFunction or flushCallBuffer are used, or an exported Haskell function is called.

FlushOften

The same as BufferRun, but this mode indicates client libraries and programs are encouraged to flush the buffer more often to simplify usage. Users may choose BufferRun instead if they want more control over flushing the buffer.

FlushPeriodically

The same as BufferRun, except that the buffer will also be flushed every 300ms.

setCallBufferMode :: CallBufferMode -> UI () Source #

Set the call buffering mode for the browser window.

flushCallBuffer :: UI () Source #

Flush the call buffer, i.e. send all outstanding JavaScript to the client in one single message.

ffiExport :: IsHandler a => a -> UI JSObject Source #

Export the given Haskell function so that it can be called from JavaScript code.

NOTE: At the moment, the JSObject representing the exported function will be referenced by the browser Window in which it was created, preventing garbage collection until this browser Window is disconnected.

This makes it possible to use it as an event handler on the JavaScript side, but it also means that the Haskell runtime has no way to detect early when it is no longer needed.

In contrast, if you use the function domEvent to register an event handler to an Element, then the handler will be garbage collected as soon as the associated Element is garbage collected.

Internals

toJSObject :: Element -> JSObject Source #

Access to the primitive JSObject for roll-your-own foreign calls.

liftJSWindow :: (Window -> IO a) -> UI a Source #

Access to the primitive Window object, for roll-your-own JS foreign calls.

Internal and oddball functions

fromJQueryProp :: String -> (Value -> a) -> (a -> Value) -> Attr Element a Source #

Turn a jQuery property .prop() into an attribute.