When a table is created, it contains no data. The first thing to do before a database can be of much use is to insert data. Data is conceptually inserted one row at a time. Of course you can also insert more than one row, but there is no way to insert less than one row. Even if you know only some column values, a complete row must be created.

>>> type CustomersColumns = '["name" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGtext, "email" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'NotNull 'PGtext]
>>> type CustomersConstraints = '["uq" ::: 'Unique '["name"]]
>>> type CustomersSchema = '["customers" ::: 'Table (CustomersConstraints :=> CustomersColumns)]
>>> :{
let
  manp :: Manipulation with (Public CustomersSchema) '[] '[]
  manp =
    insertInto #customers
      (Values_ (Set "John Smith" `as` #name :* Set "john@smith.com" `as` #email))
      (OnConflict (OnConstraint #uq)
        (DoUpdate (Set (#excluded ! #email <> "; " <> #customers ! #email) `as` #email) []))
      (Returning_ Nil)
in printSQL manp
:}
INSERT INTO "customers" AS "customers" ("name", "email") VALUES ((E'John Smith' :: text), (E'john@smith.com' :: text)) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT "uq" DO UPDATE SET "email" = ("excluded"."email" || ((E'; ' :: text) || "customers"."email"))

Like insertInto but with OnConflictDoRaise and no ReturningClause.

>>> type Columns = '["col1" ::: 'NoDef :=> 'Null 'PGint4, "col2" ::: 'Def :=> 'NotNull 'PGint4]
>>> type Schema = '["tab" ::: 'Table ('[] :=> Columns)]
>>> :{
let
  manp :: Manipulation with (Public Schema) '[] '[]
  manp =
    insertInto_ #tab (Values_ (Set 2 `as` #col1 :* Default `as` #col2))
in printSQL manp
:}
INSERT INTO "tab" AS "tab" ("col1", "col2") VALUES ((2 :: int4), DEFAULT)

A QueryClause describes what to insertInto a table.

Values_ describes a single NP list of Aliased Optional Expressions whose ColumnsType must match the tables'.

inlineValues Haskell records in insertInto.

inlineValues_ a Haskell record in insertInto.

A ConflictClause specifies an action to perform upon a constraint violation. OnConflictDoRaise will raise an error. OnConflict DoNothing simply avoids inserting a row. OnConflict DoUpdate updates the existing row that conflicts with the row proposed for insertion.

A ConflictTarget specifies the constraint violation that triggers a ConflictAction.

ConflictAction specifies an alternative OnConflict action. It can be either DoNothing, or a DoUpdate clause specifying the exact details of the update action to be performed in case of a conflict. The Set and WHERE Conditions in OnConflict DoUpdate have access to the existing row using the table's name, and to rows proposed for insertion using the special #excluded row. OnConflict DoNothing simply avoids inserting a row as its alternative action. OnConflict DoUpdate updates the existing row that conflicts with the row proposed for insertion as its alternative action.