nothunks-0.2.1.0: Examine values for unexpected thunks
Safe HaskellSafe-Inferred
LanguageHaskell2010

NoThunks.Class

Synopsis

Check a value for unexpected thunks

class NoThunks a where Source #

Check a value for unexpected thunks

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

noThunks :: Context -> a -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

Check if the argument does not contain any unexpected thunks

For most datatypes, we should have that

noThunks ctxt x == Nothing

if and only if

checkContainsThunks x

For some datatypes however, some thunks are expected. For example, the internal fingertree Sequence might contain thunks (this is important for the asymptotic complexity of this data structure). However, we should still check that the values in the sequence don't contain any unexpected thunks.

This means that we need to traverse the sequence, which might force some of the thunks in the tree. In general, it is acceptable for noThunks to force such "expected thunks", as long as it always reports the unexpected thunks.

The default implementation of noThunks checks that the argument is in WHNF, and if so, adds the type into the context (using showTypeOf or whereFrom if available), and calls wNoThunks. See ThunkInfo for a detailed discussion of the type context.

See also discussion of caveats listed for checkContainsThunks.

wNoThunks :: Context -> a -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

Check that the argument is in normal form, assuming it is in WHNF.

The context will already have been extended with the type we're looking at, so all that's left is to look at the thunks inside the type. The default implementation uses GHC Generics to do this.

default wNoThunks :: (Generic a, GWNoThunks '[] (Rep a)) => Context -> a -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

showTypeOf :: Proxy a -> String Source #

Show type a (to add to the context)

We try hard to avoid Typeable constraints in this module: there are types with no Typeable instance but with a NoThunks instance (most important example are types such as ST s which rely on parametric polymorphism). By default we should therefore only show the "outer layer"; for example, if we have a type

Seq (ST s ())

then showTypeOf should just give Seq, leaving it up to the instance for ST to decide how to implement showTypeOf; this keeps things compositional. The default implementation does precisely this using the metadata that GHC Generics provides.

For convenience, however, some of the deriving via newtype wrappers we provide do depend on Typeable; see below.

default showTypeOf :: (Generic a, GShowTypeOf (Rep a)) => Proxy a -> String Source #

Instances

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NoThunks All Source # 
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NoThunks Any Source # 
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NoThunks Void Source # 
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NoThunks ThreadId Source # 
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NoThunks Int16 Source # 
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NoThunks Int32 Source # 
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NoThunks Int64 Source # 
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NoThunks Int8 Source # 
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NoThunks CallStack Source #

Since CallStacks can't retain application data, we don't want to check them for thunks at all

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NoThunks Word16 Source # 
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NoThunks Word32 Source # 
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NoThunks Word64 Source # 
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NoThunks Word8 Source # 
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NoThunks ByteString Source #

Instance for string bytestrings

Strict bytestrings shouldn't contain any thunks, but could, due to https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/issues/17290. However, such thunks can't retain any data that they shouldn't, and so it's safe to ignore such thunks.

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NoThunks ByteString Source #

Instance for lazy bytestrings

Defined manually so that it piggy-backs on the one for strict bytestrings.

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NoThunks ShortByteString Source #

Instance for short bytestrings

We have

data ShortByteString = SBS ByteArray#

Values of this type consist of a tag followed by an _unboxed_ byte array, which can't contain thunks. Therefore we only check WHNF.

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NoThunks Text Source # 
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NoThunks Text Source # 
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NoThunks Day Source # 
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NoThunks DiffTime Source # 
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NoThunks NominalDiffTime Source # 
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NoThunks UTCTime Source # 
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NoThunks UniversalTime Source # 
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NoThunks TimeLocale Source # 
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NoThunks LocalTime Source # 
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NoThunks TimeOfDay Source # 
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NoThunks TimeZone Source # 
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NoThunks ZonedTime Source # 
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NoThunks Integer Source # 
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NoThunks Natural Source # 
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NoThunks () Source # 
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NoThunks Bool Source # 
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NoThunks Char Source # 
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NoThunks Double Source # 
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NoThunks Float Source # 
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NoThunks Int Source # 
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NoThunks Word Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Identity a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (First a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Last a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (First a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Last a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Max a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Min a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (WrappedMonoid a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Dual a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Product a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Sum a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (NonEmpty a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (TVar a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (IORef a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (MVar a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Ratio a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (IntMap a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Seq a) Source #

Instance for Seq checks elements only

The internal fingertree in Seq might have thunks, which is essential for its asymptotic complexity.

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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Set a) Source # 
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NoThunks (IO a) Source #

We do not check IO actions for captured thunks by default

See instance for (a -> b) for detailed discussion.

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NoThunks (AllowThunk a) Source # 
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Typeable a => NoThunks (InspectHeap a) Source # 
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Typeable a => NoThunks (OnlyCheckWhnf a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Vector a) Source # 
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NoThunks (Vector a) Source #

Unboxed vectors can't contain thunks

Implementation note: defined manually rather than using OnlyCheckWhnf due to ghc limitation in deriving via, making it impossible to use with it with data families.

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NoThunks a => NoThunks (Maybe a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks (a) Source # 
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NoThunks a => NoThunks [a] Source # 
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(NoThunks a, NoThunks b) => NoThunks (Either a b) Source # 
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(NoThunks a, NoThunks b) => NoThunks (Arg a b) Source # 
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(NoThunks k, NoThunks v) => NoThunks (Map k v) Source # 
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(HasFields s a, Generic a, Typeable a, GWNoThunks s (Rep a)) => NoThunks (AllowThunksIn s a) Source # 
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KnownSymbol name => NoThunks (InspectHeapNamed name a) Source # 
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KnownSymbol name => NoThunks (OnlyCheckWhnfNamed name a) Source # 
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(NoThunks a, NoThunks b) => NoThunks (a, b) Source # 
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Methods

noThunks :: Context -> (a, b) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

wNoThunks :: Context -> (a, b) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

showTypeOf :: Proxy (a, b) -> String Source #

NoThunks (a -> b) Source #

We do NOT check function closures for captured thunks by default

Since we have no type information about the values captured in a thunk, the only check we could possibly do is checkContainsThunks: we can't recursively call noThunks on those captured values, which is problematic if any of those captured values requires a custom instance (for example, data types that depend on laziness, such as Seq).

By default we therefore only check if the function is in WHNF, and don't check the captured values at all. If you want a stronger check, you can use InspectHeap (a -> b) instead.

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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

noThunks :: Context -> (a -> b) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

wNoThunks :: Context -> (a -> b) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

showTypeOf :: Proxy (a -> b) -> String Source #

NoThunks (f a) => NoThunks (Ap f a) Source # 
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NoThunks (f a) => NoThunks (Alt f a) Source # 
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(NoThunks a, NoThunks b, NoThunks c) => NoThunks (a, b, c) Source # 
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Methods

noThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

wNoThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

showTypeOf :: Proxy (a, b, c) -> String Source #

(NoThunks a, NoThunks b, NoThunks c, NoThunks d) => NoThunks (a, b, c, d) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

noThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c, d) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

wNoThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c, d) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

showTypeOf :: Proxy (a, b, c, d) -> String Source #

(NoThunks a, NoThunks b, NoThunks c, NoThunks d, NoThunks e) => NoThunks (a, b, c, d, e) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

noThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c, d, e) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

wNoThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c, d, e) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

showTypeOf :: Proxy (a, b, c, d, e) -> String Source #

(NoThunks a, NoThunks b, NoThunks c, NoThunks d, NoThunks e, NoThunks f) => NoThunks (a, b, c, d, e, f) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

noThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c, d, e, f) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

wNoThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c, d, e, f) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

showTypeOf :: Proxy (a, b, c, d, e, f) -> String Source #

(NoThunks a, NoThunks b, NoThunks c, NoThunks d, NoThunks e, NoThunks f, NoThunks g) => NoThunks (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

noThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

wNoThunks :: Context -> (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

showTypeOf :: Proxy (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) -> String Source #

newtype ThunkInfo Source #

Information about unexpected thunks

ThunkInfo contains either precise Info about the thunk location or Context to make it easier to debug space leaks. Info is available if

  • GHC-9.4 or newer is used,
  • the code is compiled with -finfo-table-map and is improved if -fdistinct-constructor-tables is used as well.

The Context argument is intended to give a clue to add debugging. For example, suppose we have something of type (Int, [Int]). The various contexts we might get are

Context                  The thunk is..
---------------------------------------------------------------------
["(,)"]                  the pair itself
["Int","(,)"]            the Int in the pair
["List","(,)"]           the [Int] in the pair
["Int","List","(,)"]     an Int in the [Int] in the pair

Note: prior to `ghc-9.6` a list was indicated by `[]`.

Constructors

ThunkInfo 

Instances

Instances details
Show ThunkInfo Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

type Context = [String] Source #

Context where a thunk was found

This is intended to give a hint about which thunk was found. For example, a thunk might be reported with context

["Int", "(,)", "Map", "AppState"]

telling you that you have an AppState containing a Map containing a pair, all of which weren't thunks (were in WHNF), but that pair contained an Int which was a thunk.

type Info = String Source #

Binding name, type and location information about the thunk, e.g.

fromModel :: Int @ test/Test/NoThunks/Class.hs:198:53-84

unsafeNoThunks :: NoThunks a => a -> Maybe ThunkInfo Source #

Call noThunks in a pure context (relies on unsafePerformIO).

Helpers for defining instances

allNoThunks :: [IO (Maybe ThunkInfo)] -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

Short-circuit a list of checks

noThunksInValues :: NoThunks a => Context -> [a] -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

Check that all elements in the list are thunk-free

Does not check the list itself. Useful for checking the elements of a container.

See also noThunksInKeysAndValues

noThunksInKeysAndValues :: (NoThunks k, NoThunks v) => Context -> [(k, v)] -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

Variant on noThunksInValues for keyed containers.

Neither the list nor the tuples are checked for thunks.

Deriving-via wrappers

newtype OnlyCheckWhnf a Source #

Newtype wrapper for use with deriving via to check for WHNF only

For some types we don't want to check for nested thunks, and we only want check if the argument is in WHNF, not in NF. A typical example are functions; see the instance of (a -> b) for detailed discussion. This should be used sparingly.

Example:

deriving via OnlyCheckWhnf T instance NoThunks T

Constructors

OnlyCheckWhnf a 

Instances

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Typeable a => NoThunks (OnlyCheckWhnf a) Source # 
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newtype OnlyCheckWhnfNamed (name :: Symbol) a Source #

Variant on OnlyCheckWhnf that does not depend on Generic

Example:

deriving via OnlyCheckWhnfNamed "T" T instance NoThunks T

Constructors

OnlyCheckWhnfNamed a 

Instances

Instances details
KnownSymbol name => NoThunks (OnlyCheckWhnfNamed name a) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

newtype InspectHeap a Source #

Newtype wrapper for use with deriving via to inspect the heap directly

This bypasses the class instances altogether, and inspects the GHC heap directly, checking that the value does not contain any thunks anywhere. Since we can do this without any type classes instances, this is useful for types that contain fields for which NoThunks instances are not available.

Since the primary use case for InspectHeap then is to give instances for NoThunks from third party libraries, we also don't want to rely on a Generic instance, which may likewise not be available. Instead, we will rely on Typeable, which is available for all types. However, as showTypeOf explains, requiring Typeable may not always be suitable; if it isn't, InspectHeapNamed can be used.

Example:

deriving via InspectHeap T instance NoThunks T

Constructors

InspectHeap a 

Instances

Instances details
Typeable a => NoThunks (InspectHeap a) Source # 
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newtype InspectHeapNamed (name :: Symbol) a Source #

Variant on InspectHeap that does not depend on Typeable.

deriving via InspectHeapNamed "T" T instance NoUnexpecedThunks T

Constructors

InspectHeapNamed a 

Instances

Instances details
KnownSymbol name => NoThunks (InspectHeapNamed name a) Source # 
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newtype AllowThunk a Source #

Newtype wrapper for values that should be allowed to be a thunk

This should be used VERY sparingly, and should ONLY be used on values (or, even rarer, types) which you are SURE cannot retain any data that they shouldn't. Bear in mind allowing a value of type T to be a thunk might cause a value of type S to be retained if T was computed from S.

Constructors

AllowThunk a 

Instances

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NoThunks (AllowThunk a) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

newtype AllowThunksIn (fields :: [Symbol]) a Source #

Newtype wrapper for records where some of the fields are allowed to be thunks.

Example:

deriving via AllowThunksIn '["foo","bar"] T instance NoThunks T

This will create an instance that skips the thunk checks for the "foo" and "bar" fields.

Constructors

AllowThunksIn a 

Instances

Instances details
(HasFields s a, Generic a, Typeable a, GWNoThunks s (Rep a)) => NoThunks (AllowThunksIn s a) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Generic class

class GWNoThunks (a :: [Symbol]) f where Source #

Generic infrastructure for checking for unexpected thunks

The a argument records which record fields are allowed to contain thunks; see AllowThunksIn and GWRecordField, below.

Methods

gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> f x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

Check that the argument does not contain any unexpected thunks

Precondition: the argument is in WHNF.

Instances

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GWNoThunks a (U1 :: Type -> Type) Source # 
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Methods

gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> U1 x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

GWNoThunks a (V1 :: Type -> Type) Source # 
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gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> V1 x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

(GWNoThunks a f, GWNoThunks a g) => GWNoThunks a (f :*: g) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> (f :*: g) x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

(GWNoThunks a f, GWNoThunks a g) => GWNoThunks a (f :+: g) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> (f :+: g) x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

GWNoThunks a f => GWNoThunks a (C1 c f) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> C1 c f x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

GWNoThunks a f => GWNoThunks a (D1 c f) Source # 
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Methods

gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> D1 c f x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

NoThunks c => GWNoThunks a (K1 i c :: Type -> Type) Source # 
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Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> K1 i c x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

(GWRecordField f (Elem fieldName a), KnownSymbol fieldName) => GWNoThunks a (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just fieldName) su ss ds) f) Source #

If fieldName is allowed to contain thunks, skip it.

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Defined in NoThunks.Class

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gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> S1 ('MetaSel ('Just fieldName) su ss ds) f x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #

GWNoThunks a f => GWNoThunks a (S1 ('MetaSel ('Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) su ss ds) f) Source # 
Instance details

Defined in NoThunks.Class

Methods

gwNoThunks :: proxy a -> Context -> S1 ('MetaSel 'Nothing su ss ds) f x -> IO (Maybe ThunkInfo) Source #