List all modular square roots.

>>> :set -XDataKinds
>>> sqrtsMod (1 :: Mod 60)
[(1 `modulo` 60),(49 `modulo` 60),(41 `modulo` 60),(29 `modulo` 60),(31 `modulo` 60),(19 `modulo` 60),(11 `modulo` 60),(59 `modulo` 60)]

List all square roots modulo a number, the factorisation of which is passed as a second argument.

>>> sqrtsModFactorisation 1 (factorise 60)
[1,49,41,29,31,19,11,59]

List all square roots modulo the power of a prime.

>>> import Data.Maybe
>>> import Math.NumberTheory.Primes
>>> sqrtsModPrimePower 7 (fromJust (isPrime 3)) 2
[4,5]
>>> sqrtsModPrimePower 9 (fromJust (isPrime 3)) 3
[3,12,21,24,6,15]

List all square roots by prime modulo.

>>> import Data.Maybe
>>> import Math.NumberTheory.Primes
>>> sqrtsModPrime 1 (fromJust (isPrime 5))
[1,4]
>>> sqrtsModPrime 0 (fromJust (isPrime 5))
[0]
>>> sqrtsModPrime 2 (fromJust (isPrime 5))
[]

sqrtModP n prime calculates a modular square root of n modulo prime if that exists. The second argument must be a (positive) prime, otherwise the computation may not terminate and if it does, may yield a wrong result. The precondition is not checked.

If prime is a prime and n a quadratic residue modulo prime, the result is Just r where r^2 ≡ n (mod prime), if n is a quadratic nonresidue, the result is Nothing.

sqrtModPList n prime computes the list of all square roots of n modulo prime. prime must be a (positive) prime. The precondition is not checked.

sqrtModP' square prime finds a square root of square modulo prime. prime must be a (positive) prime, and square must be a positive quadratic residue modulo prime, i.e. 'jacobi square prime == 1. The precondition is not checked.

tonelliShanks square prime calculates a square root of square modulo prime, where prime is a prime of the form 4*k + 1 and square is a positive quadratic residue modulo prime, using the Tonelli-Shanks algorithm. No checks on the input are performed.

sqrtModPP n (prime,expo) calculates a square root of n modulo prime^expo if one exists. prime must be a (positive) prime. expo must be positive, n must be coprime to prime

sqrtModPPList n (prime,expo) calculates the list of all square roots of n modulo prime^expo. The same restriction as in sqrtModPP applies to the arguments.

sqrtModF n primePowers calculates a square root of n modulo product [p^k | (p,k) <- primePowers] if one exists and all primes are distinct. The list must be non-empty, n must be coprime with all primes.

sqrtModFList n primePowers calculates all square roots of n modulo product [p^k | (p,k) <- primePowers] if all primes are distinct. The list must be non-empty, n must be coprime with all primes.