{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-incomplete-uni-patterns #-}
{-# LANGUAGE CPP                #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}

#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 701
{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy        #-}
#endif

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- |
-- Module      :  Control.Concurrent.STM.TBQueue
-- Copyright   :  (c) The University of Glasgow 2012
-- License     :  BSD-style (see the file libraries/base/LICENSE)
--
-- Maintainer  :  libraries@haskell.org
-- Stability   :  experimental
-- Portability :  non-portable (requires STM)
--
-- 'TBQueue' is a bounded version of 'TQueue'. The queue has a maximum
-- capacity set when it is created.  If the queue already contains the
-- maximum number of elements, then 'writeTBQueue' blocks until an
-- element is removed from the queue.
--
-- The implementation is based on the traditional purely-functional
-- queue representation that uses two lists to obtain amortised /O(1)/
-- enqueue and dequeue operations.
--
-- @since 2.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

module Control.Concurrent.STM.TBQueue (
        -- * TBQueue
        TBQueue,
        newTBQueue,
        newTBQueueIO,
        readTBQueue,
        tryReadTBQueue,
        flushTBQueue,
        peekTBQueue,
        tryPeekTBQueue,
        writeTBQueue,
        unGetTBQueue,
        lengthTBQueue,
        isEmptyTBQueue,
        isFullTBQueue,
  ) where

import           Control.Monad   (unless)
import           Data.Typeable   (Typeable)
import           GHC.Conc        (STM, TVar, newTVar, newTVarIO, orElse,
                                  readTVar, retry, writeTVar)
import           Numeric.Natural (Natural)
import           Prelude         hiding (read)

-- | 'TBQueue' is an abstract type representing a bounded FIFO channel.
--
-- @since 2.4
data TBQueue a
   = TBQueue {-# UNPACK #-} !(TVar Natural) -- CR:  read capacity
             {-# UNPACK #-} !(TVar [a])     -- R:   elements waiting to be read
             {-# UNPACK #-} !(TVar Natural) -- CW:  write capacity
             {-# UNPACK #-} !(TVar [a])     -- W:   elements written (head is most recent)
                            !(Natural)      -- CAP: initial capacity
  deriving Typeable

instance Eq (TBQueue a) where
  TBQueue a _ _ _ _ == TBQueue b _ _ _ _ = a == b

-- Total channel capacity remaining is CR + CW. Reads only need to
-- access CR, writes usually need to access only CW but sometimes need
-- CR.  So in the common case we avoid contention between CR and CW.
--
--   - when removing an element from R:
--     CR := CR + 1
--
--   - when adding an element to W:
--     if CW is non-zero
--         then CW := CW - 1
--         then if CR is non-zero
--                 then CW := CR - 1; CR := 0
--                 else **FULL**

-- | Builds and returns a new instance of 'TBQueue'.
newTBQueue :: Natural   -- ^ maximum number of elements the queue can hold
           -> STM (TBQueue a)
newTBQueue size = do
  read  <- newTVar []
  write <- newTVar []
  rsize <- newTVar 0
  wsize <- newTVar size
  return (TBQueue rsize read wsize write size)

-- |@IO@ version of 'newTBQueue'.  This is useful for creating top-level
-- 'TBQueue's using 'System.IO.Unsafe.unsafePerformIO', because using
-- 'atomically' inside 'System.IO.Unsafe.unsafePerformIO' isn't
-- possible.
newTBQueueIO :: Natural -> IO (TBQueue a)
newTBQueueIO size = do
  read  <- newTVarIO []
  write <- newTVarIO []
  rsize <- newTVarIO 0
  wsize <- newTVarIO size
  return (TBQueue rsize read wsize write size)

-- |Write a value to a 'TBQueue'; blocks if the queue is full.
writeTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> a -> STM ()
writeTBQueue (TBQueue rsize _read wsize write _size) a = do
  w <- readTVar wsize
  if (w > 0)
     then do writeTVar wsize $! w - 1
     else do
          r <- readTVar rsize
          if (r > 0)
             then do writeTVar rsize 0
                     writeTVar wsize $! r - 1
             else retry
  listend <- readTVar write
  writeTVar write (a:listend)

-- |Read the next value from the 'TBQueue'.
readTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> STM a
readTBQueue (TBQueue rsize read _wsize write _size) = do
  xs <- readTVar read
  r <- readTVar rsize
  writeTVar rsize $! r + 1
  case xs of
    (x:xs') -> do
      writeTVar read xs'
      return x
    [] -> do
      ys <- readTVar write
      case ys of
        [] -> retry
        _  -> do
          -- NB. lazy: we want the transaction to be
          -- short, otherwise it will conflict
          let ~(z,zs) = case reverse ys of
                          z':zs' -> (z',zs')
                          _      -> error "readTBQueue: impossible"
          writeTVar write []
          writeTVar read zs
          return z

-- | A version of 'readTBQueue' which does not retry. Instead it
-- returns @Nothing@ if no value is available.
tryReadTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> STM (Maybe a)
tryReadTBQueue c = fmap Just (readTBQueue c) `orElse` return Nothing

-- | Efficiently read the entire contents of a 'TBQueue' into a list. This
-- function never retries.
--
-- @since 2.4.5
flushTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> STM [a]
flushTBQueue (TBQueue rsize read wsize write size) = do
  xs <- readTVar read
  ys <- readTVar write
  if null xs && null ys
    then return []
    else do
      unless (null xs) $ writeTVar read []
      unless (null ys) $ writeTVar write []
      writeTVar rsize 0
      writeTVar wsize size
      return (xs ++ reverse ys)

-- | Get the next value from the @TBQueue@ without removing it,
-- retrying if the channel is empty.
peekTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> STM a
peekTBQueue (TBQueue _ read _ write _) = do
  xs <- readTVar read
  case xs of
    (x:_) -> return x
    [] -> do
      ys <- readTVar write
      case ys of
        [] -> retry
        _  -> do
          let (z:zs) = reverse ys -- NB. lazy: we want the transaction to be
                                  -- short, otherwise it will conflict
          writeTVar write []
          writeTVar read (z:zs)
          return z

-- | A version of 'peekTBQueue' which does not retry. Instead it
-- returns @Nothing@ if no value is available.
tryPeekTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> STM (Maybe a)
tryPeekTBQueue c = do
  m <- tryReadTBQueue c
  case m of
    Nothing -> return Nothing
    Just x  -> do
      unGetTBQueue c x
      return m

-- |Put a data item back onto a channel, where it will be the next item read.
-- Blocks if the queue is full.
unGetTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> a -> STM ()
unGetTBQueue (TBQueue rsize read wsize _write _size) a = do
  r <- readTVar rsize
  if (r > 0)
     then do writeTVar rsize $! r - 1
     else do
          w <- readTVar wsize
          if (w > 0)
             then writeTVar wsize $! w - 1
             else retry
  xs <- readTVar read
  writeTVar read (a:xs)

-- |Return the length of a 'TBQueue'.
--
-- @since 2.5.0.0
lengthTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> STM Natural
lengthTBQueue (TBQueue rsize _read wsize _write size) = do
  r <- readTVar rsize
  w <- readTVar wsize
  return $! size - r - w

-- |Returns 'True' if the supplied 'TBQueue' is empty.
isEmptyTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> STM Bool
isEmptyTBQueue (TBQueue _rsize read _wsize write _size) = do
  xs <- readTVar read
  case xs of
    (_:_) -> return False
    [] -> do ys <- readTVar write
             case ys of
               [] -> return True
               _  -> return False

-- |Returns 'True' if the supplied 'TBQueue' is full.
--
-- @since 2.4.3
isFullTBQueue :: TBQueue a -> STM Bool
isFullTBQueue (TBQueue rsize _read wsize _write _size) = do
  w <- readTVar wsize
  if (w > 0)
     then return False
     else do
         r <- readTVar rsize
         if (r > 0)
            then return False
            else return True