{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-} module NumHask.Laws ( LawArity(..) , LawArity2(..) , Law , Law2 , testLawOf , testLawOf2 , idempotentLaws , additiveLaws , additiveLawsFail , additiveGroupLaws , multiplicativeLaws , multiplicativeLawsFail , multiplicativeMonoidalLaws , multiplicativeGroupLaws , distributionLaws , distributionLawsFail , integralLaws , signedLaws , metricFloatLaws , metricComplexFloatLaws , boundedFieldFloatLaws , quotientFieldLaws , expFieldLaws , expFieldComplexLooseLaws , additiveBasisLaws , additiveGroupBasisLaws , multiplicativeBasisLaws , multiplicativeGroupBasisLaws , additiveModuleLaws , additiveGroupModuleLaws , multiplicativeModuleLaws , multiplicativeGroupModuleLawsFail , expFieldNaperianLaws , metricNaperianFloatLaws , tensorProductLaws , banachLaws , hilbertLaws , semiringLaws , ringLaws , starSemiringLaws ) where import NumHask.Prelude import Test.Tasty.QuickCheck hiding ((><)) import Test.Tasty (TestName, TestTree) data LawArity a = Nonary Bool | Unary (a -> Bool) | Binary (a -> a -> Bool) | Ternary (a -> a -> a -> Bool) | Ornary (a -> a -> a -> a -> Bool) | Failiary (a -> Property) data LawArity2 a b = Unary2 (a -> Bool) | Binary2 (a -> b -> Bool) | Ternary2 (a -> a -> b -> Bool) | Ternary2' (a -> b -> b -> Bool) | Ternary2'' (a -> a -> a -> Bool) | Quad31 (a -> a -> a -> b -> Bool) | Quad22 (a -> a -> b -> b -> Bool) | Failiary2 (a -> Property) type Law a = (TestName, LawArity a) type Law2 a b = (TestName, LawArity2 a b) testLawOf :: (Arbitrary a, Show a) => [a] -> Law a -> TestTree testLawOf _ (name, Nonary f) = testProperty name f testLawOf _ (name, Unary f) = testProperty name f testLawOf _ (name, Binary f) = testProperty name f testLawOf _ (name, Ternary f) = testProperty name f testLawOf _ (name, Ornary f) = testProperty name f testLawOf _ (name, Failiary f) = testProperty name f testLawOf2 :: (Arbitrary a, Show a, Arbitrary b, Show b) => [(a, b)] -> Law2 a b -> TestTree testLawOf2 _ (name, Unary2 f) = testProperty name f testLawOf2 _ (name, Binary2 f) = testProperty name f testLawOf2 _ (name, Ternary2 f) = testProperty name f testLawOf2 _ (name, Ternary2' f) = testProperty name f testLawOf2 _ (name, Ternary2'' f) = testProperty name f testLawOf2 _ (name, Quad22 f) = testProperty name f testLawOf2 _ (name, Quad31 f) = testProperty name f testLawOf2 _ (name, Failiary2 f) = testProperty name f -- idempotent idempotentLaws :: (Eq a, Additive a, Multiplicative a) => [Law a] idempotentLaws = [ ("idempotent: a + a == a", Unary (\a -> a + a == a)) , ("idempotent: a * a == a", Unary (\a -> a * a == a)) ] -- additive additiveLaws :: (Eq a, Additive a) => [Law a] additiveLaws = [ ( "associative: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)" , Ternary (\a b c -> (a + b) + c == a + (b + c))) , ("left id: zero + a = a", Unary (\a -> zero + a == a)) , ("right id: a + zero = a", Unary (\a -> a + zero == a)) , ("commutative: a + b == b + a", Binary (\a b -> a + b == b + a)) ] additiveLawsFail :: (Eq a, Additive a, Show a, Arbitrary a) => [Law a] additiveLawsFail = [ ( "associative: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)" , Failiary $ expectFailure . (\a b c -> (a + b) + c == a + (b + c))) , ("left id: zero + a = a", Unary (\a -> zero + a == a)) , ("right id: a + zero = a", Unary (\a -> a + zero == a)) , ("commutative: a + b == b + a", Binary (\a b -> a + b == b + a)) ] additiveGroupLaws :: (Eq a, AdditiveGroup a) => [Law a] additiveGroupLaws = [ ("minus: a - a = zero", Unary (\a -> (a - a) == zero)) , ("negate minus: negate a == zero - a", Unary (\a -> negate a == zero - a)) , ( "negate left cancel: negate a + a == zero" , Unary (\a -> negate a + a == zero)) , ( "negate right cancel: negate a + a == zero" , Unary (\a -> a + negate a == zero)) ] -- multiplicative multiplicativeLaws :: (Eq a, Multiplicative a) => [Law a] multiplicativeLaws = [ ( "associative: (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)" , Ternary (\a b c -> (a * b) * c == a * (b * c))) , ("left id: one * a = a", Unary (\a -> one * a == a)) , ("right id: a * one = a", Unary (\a -> a * one == a)) , ("commutative: a * b == b * a", Binary (\a b -> a * b == b * a)) ] multiplicativeMonoidalLaws :: (Eq a, MultiplicativeUnital a, MultiplicativeAssociative a) => [Law a] multiplicativeMonoidalLaws = [ ( "associative: (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)" , Ternary (\a b c -> (a `times` b) `times` c == a `times` (b `times` c))) , ("left id: one `times` a = a", Unary (\a -> one `times` a == a)) , ("right id: a `times` one = a", Unary (\a -> a `times` one == a)) ] multiplicativeLawsFail :: (Eq a, Show a, Arbitrary a, Multiplicative a) => [Law a] multiplicativeLawsFail = [ ( "associative: (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)" , Failiary $ expectFailure . (\a b c -> (a * b) * c == a * (b * c))) , ("left id: one * a = a", Unary (\a -> one * a == a)) , ("right id: a * one = a", Unary (\a -> a * one == a)) , ("commutative: a * b == b * a", Binary (\a b -> a * b == b * a)) ] multiplicativeGroupLaws :: (Epsilon a, Eq a, MultiplicativeGroup a) => [Law a] multiplicativeGroupLaws = [ ( "divide: a == zero || a / a ≈ one" , Unary (\a -> a == zero || (a / a) ≈ one)) , ( "recip divide: recip a == one / a" , Unary (\a -> a == zero || recip a == one / a)) , ( "recip left: a == zero || recip a * a ≈ one" , Unary (\a -> a == zero || recip a * a ≈ one)) , ( "recip right: a == zero || a * recip a ≈ one" , Unary (\a -> a == zero || a * recip a ≈ one)) ] -- distribution distributionLaws :: (Eq a, Distribution a) => [Law a] distributionLaws = [ ( "left annihilation: a * zero == zero" , Unary (\a -> a `times` zero == zero)) , ( "right annihilation: zero * a == zero" , Unary (\a -> zero `times` a == zero)) , ( "left distributivity: a * (b + c) == a * b + a * c" , Ternary (\a b c -> a `times` (b + c) == a `times` b + a `times` c)) , ( "right distributivity: (a + b) * c == a * c + b * c" , Ternary (\a b c -> (a + b) `times` c == a `times` c + b `times` c)) ] distributionLawsFail :: (Show a, Arbitrary a, Epsilon a, Eq a, Distribution a) => [Law a] distributionLawsFail = [ ( "left annihilation: a * zero == zero" , Unary (\a -> a `times` zero == zero)) , ( "right annihilation: a * zero == zero" , Unary (\a -> zero `times` a == zero)) , ( "left distributivity: a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c" , Failiary $ expectFailure . (\a b c -> a `times` (b + c) == a `times` b + a `times` c)) , ( "right distributivity: (a + b) * c = a * c + b * c" , Failiary $ expectFailure . (\a b c -> (a + b) `times` c == a `times` c + b `times` c)) ] -- integral integralLaws :: (Eq a, Integral a, FromInteger a, ToInteger a) => [Law a] integralLaws = [ ( "integral divmod: b == zero || b * (a `div` b) + (a `mod` b) == a" , Binary (\a b -> b == zero || b `times` (a `div` b) + (a `mod` b) == a)) , ("fromIntegral a = a", Unary (\a -> fromIntegral a == a)) ] -- metric signedLaws :: (Eq a, Signed a) => [Law a] signedLaws = [("sign a * abs a == a", Unary (\a -> sign a `times` abs a == a))] metricFloatLaws :: () => [Law Float] metricFloatLaws = [ ("positive", Binary (\a b -> (distance a b :: Float) >= zero)) , ("zero if equal", Unary (\a -> (distance a a :: Float) == zero)) , ( "associative" , Binary (\a b -> (distance a b :: Float) ≈ (distance b a :: Float))) , ( "triangle rule - sum of distances > distance" , Ternary (\a b c -> (abs a > 10.0) || (abs b > 10.0) || (abs c > 10.0) || not (veryNegative (distance a c + distance b c - (distance a b :: Float))) && not (veryNegative (distance a b + distance b c - (distance a c :: Float))) && not (veryNegative (distance a b + distance a c - (distance b c :: Float))))) ] metricComplexFloatLaws :: () => [Law (Complex Float)] metricComplexFloatLaws = [ ("positive", Binary (\a b -> (distance a b :: Float) >= zero)) , ("zero if equal", Unary (\a -> (distance a a :: Float) == zero)) , ( "associative" , Binary (\a b -> (distance a b :: Float) ≈ (distance b a :: Float))) , ( "triangle rule - sum of distances > distance" , Ternary (\a b c -> (size a > (10.0 :: Float)) || (size b > (10.0 :: Float)) || (size c > (10.0 :: Float)) || not (veryNegative (distance a c + distance b c - (distance a b :: Float))) && not (veryNegative (distance a b + distance b c - (distance a c :: Float))) && not (veryNegative (distance a b + distance a c - (distance b c :: Float))))) ] -- field boundedFieldFloatLaws :: [Law Float] boundedFieldFloatLaws = [ ( "infinity laws" , Unary (\a -> ((one :: Float) / zero + infinity == infinity) && (infinity + a == infinity) && isNaN ((infinity :: Float) - infinity) && isNaN ((infinity :: Float) / infinity) && isNaN (nan + a) && (zero :: Float) / zero /= nan)) ] quotientFieldLaws :: (Ord a, Field a, QuotientField a, FromInteger a) => [Law a] quotientFieldLaws = [ ( "a - one < floor a <= a <= ceiling a < a + one" , Unary (\a -> ((a - one) < fromIntegral (floor a)) && (fromIntegral (floor a) <= a) && (a <= fromIntegral (ceiling a)) && (fromIntegral (ceiling a) < a + one))) , ( "round a == floor (a + one/(one+one))" , Unary (\a -> round a == floor (a + one / (one + one)))) ] expFieldLaws :: (ExpField a, Signed a, Epsilon a, Fractional a, Ord a) => [Law a] expFieldLaws = [ ( "sqrt . (**(one+one)) ≈ id" , Unary (\a -> not (veryPositive a) || (a > 10.0) || (sqrt . (** (one + one)) $ a) ≈ a && ((** (one + one)) . sqrt $ a) ≈ a)) , ( "log . exp ≈ id" , Unary (\a -> not (veryPositive a) || (a > 10.0) || (log . exp $ a) ≈ a && (exp . log $ a) ≈ a)) , ( "for +ive b, a != 0,1: a ** logBase a b ≈ b" , Binary (\a b -> (not (veryPositive b) || not (nearZero (a - zero)) || (a == one) || (a == zero && nearZero (logBase a b)) || (a ** logBase a b ≈ b)))) ] expFieldComplexLooseLaws :: Float -> [Law (Complex Float)] expFieldComplexLooseLaws _ = [ ( "sqrt . (**(one+one)) ≈ id test contains a stack overflow" , Unary (const True)) , ("log . exp test contains a stack overflow", Unary (const True)) , ( "for +ive b, a != 0,1: a ** logBase a b ≈ b" , Binary (\a b@(rb :+ ib) -> (not (rb > zero && ib > zero) || not (nearZero (a - zero)) || (a == one) || (a == zero && nearZero (logBase a b)) || (a ** logBase a b ≈ b)))) ] metricNaperianFloatLaws :: (Metric (r Float) Float) => [Law (r Float)] metricNaperianFloatLaws = [ ("positive", Binary (\a b -> distance a b >= (zero :: Float))) , ("zero if equal", Unary (\a -> distance a a == (zero :: Float))) , ("associative", Binary (\a b -> distance a b ≈ (distance b a :: Float))) , ( "triangle rule - sum of distances > distance" , Ternary (\a b c -> not (veryNegative (distance a c + distance b c - (distance a b :: Float))) && not (veryNegative (distance a b + distance b c - (distance a c :: Float))) && not (veryNegative (distance a b + distance a c - (distance b c :: Float))))) ] expFieldNaperianLaws :: ( ExpField (r a) , Foldable r , ExpField a , Epsilon a , Signed a , Epsilon (r a) , Fractional a , Ord a ) => [Law (r a)] expFieldNaperianLaws = [ ( "sqrt . (**2) ≈ id" , Unary (\a -> not (all veryPositive a) || any (> 10.0) a || (sqrt . (** (one + one)) $ a) ≈ a && ((** (one + one)) . sqrt $ a) ≈ a)) , ( "log . exp ≈ id" , Unary (\a -> not (all veryPositive a) || any (> 10.0) a || (log . exp $ a) ≈ a && (exp . log $ a) ≈ a)) , ( "for +ive b, a != 0,1: a ** logBase a b ≈ b" , Binary (\a b -> (not (all veryPositive b) || not (all nearZero a) || all (== one) a || (all (== zero) a && all nearZero (logBase a b)) || (a ** logBase a b ≈ b)))) ] -- module additiveModuleLaws :: (Eq (r a), Epsilon a, Epsilon (r a), AdditiveModule r a) => [Law2 (r a) a] additiveModuleLaws = [ ( "additive module associative: (a + b) .+ c ≈ a + (b .+ c)" , Ternary2 (\a b c -> (a + b) .+ c ≈ a + (b .+ c))) , ( "additive module commutative: (a + b) .+ c ≈ (a .+ c) + b" , Ternary2 (\a b c -> (a + b) .+ c ≈ (a .+ c) + b)) , ("additive module unital: a .+ zero == a", Unary2 (\a -> a .+ zero == a)) , ( "module additive equivalence: a .+ b ≈ b +. a" , Binary2 (\a b -> a .+ b ≈ b +. a)) ] additiveGroupModuleLaws :: (Eq (r a), Epsilon a, Epsilon (r a), AdditiveGroupModule r a) => [Law2 (r a) a] additiveGroupModuleLaws = [ ( "additive group module associative: (a + b) .- c ≈ a + (b .- c)" , Ternary2 (\a b c -> (a + b) .- c ≈ a + (b .- c))) , ( "additive group module commutative: (a + b) .- c ≈ (a .- c) + b" , Ternary2 (\a b c -> (a + b) .- c ≈ (a .- c) + b)) , ( "additive group module unital: a .- zero == a" , Unary2 (\a -> a .- zero == a)) , ( "module additive group equivalence: a .- b ≈ negate b +. a" , Binary2 (\a b -> a .- b ≈ negate b +. a)) ] multiplicativeModuleLaws :: (Eq (r a), Epsilon a, Epsilon (r a), MultiplicativeModule r a) => [Law2 (r a) a] multiplicativeModuleLaws = [ ( "multiplicative module unital: a .* one == a" , Unary2 (\a -> a .* one == a)) , ( "module right distribution: (a + b) .* c ≈ (a .* c) + (b .* c)" , Ternary2 (\a b c -> (a + b) .* c ≈ (a .* c) + (b .* c))) , ( "module left distribution: c *. (a + b) ≈ (c *. a) + (c *. b)" , Ternary2 (\a b c -> c *. (a + b) ≈ (c *. a) + (c *. b))) , ("annihilation: a .* zero == zero", Unary2 (\a -> a .* zero == zero)) , ( "module multiplicative equivalence: a .* b ≈ b *. a" , Binary2 (\a b -> a .* b ≈ b *. a)) ] multiplicativeGroupModuleLawsFail :: ( Eq a , Show a , Arbitrary a , Eq (r a) , Show (r a) , Arbitrary (r a) , Epsilon a , Epsilon (r a) , MultiplicativeGroupModule r a ) => [Law2 (r a) a] multiplicativeGroupModuleLawsFail = [ ( "multiplicative group module unital: a ./ one == a" , Unary2 (\a -> nearZero a || a ./ one == a)) , ( "module multiplicative group equivalence: a ./ b ≈ recip b *. a" , Binary2 (\a b -> b == zero || a ./ b ≈ recip b *. a)) ] banachLaws :: ( Ord a , Fractional a , Signed a , Foldable r , Fractional b , Eq (r a) , Epsilon b , Epsilon (r a) , Metric (r a) b , MultiplicativeGroup b , Banach r a , Normed (r a) b , Singleton r ) => [Law2 (r a) b] banachLaws = [ ( "normalize a .* size a ≈ one" , Unary2 (\a -> a == singleton zero || (any ((> 10.0) . abs) a || (normalize a .* size a) ≈ a))) ] hilbertLaws :: ( Eq (r a) , Eq a , Multiplicative a , MultiplicativeModule r a , Epsilon a , Epsilon (r a) , Hilbert r a) => [Law2 (r a) a] hilbertLaws = [ ("commutative a <.> b ≈ b <.> a", Ternary2 (\a b _ -> a <.> b ≈ b <.> a)) , ( "distributive over addition a <.> (b + c) == a <.> b + a <.> c" , Ternary2'' (\a b c -> a <.> (b + c) ≈ a <.> b + a <.> c)) , ( "bilinear a <.> (s *. b + c) == s * (a <.> b) + a <.> c" , Quad31 (\a b c s -> a <.> (s *. b + c) == s * (a <.> b) + a <.> c)) , ( "scalar multiplication (s0 *. a) <.> (s1 *. b) == s0 * s1 * (a <.> b)" , Quad22 (\a b s0 s1 -> (s0 *. a) <.> (s1 *. b) == s0 * s1 * (a <.> b))) ] tensorProductLaws :: ( Eq (r (r a)) , Additive (r (r a)) , Eq (r a) , Eq a , TensorProduct (r a) , Epsilon a , Epsilon (r a) ) => [Law2 (r a) a] tensorProductLaws = [ ( "left distribution over addition a>< b" , Ternary2'' (\a b c -> a >< b + c >< b == (a + c) >< b)) , ( "right distribution over addition a>< (b+c)" , Ternary2'' (\a b c -> a >< b + a >< c == a >< (b + c))) -- , ( "left module tensor correspondance a *. (b> a *. (b> (a> [Law (r a)] additiveBasisLaws = [ ( "associative: (a .+. b) .+. c ≈ a .+. (b .+. c)" , Ternary (\a b c -> (a .+. b) .+. c ≈ a .+. (b .+. c))) , ("left id: zero .+. a = a", Unary (\a -> zero .+. a == a)) , ("right id: a .+. zero = a", Unary (\a -> a .+. zero == a)) , ("commutative: a .+. b == b .+. a", Binary (\a b -> a .+. b == b .+. a)) ] additiveGroupBasisLaws :: (Eq (r a), Singleton r, AdditiveGroupBasis r a) => [Law (r a)] additiveGroupBasisLaws = [ ( "minus: a .-. a = singleton zero" , Unary (\a -> (a .-. a) == singleton zero)) ] multiplicativeBasisLaws :: (Eq (r a), Singleton r, MultiplicativeBasis r a) => [Law (r a)] multiplicativeBasisLaws = [ ( "associative: (a .*. b) .*. c == a .*. (b .*. c)" , Ternary (\a b c -> (a .*. b) .*. c == a .*. (b .*. c))) , ("left id: singleton one .*. a = a", Unary (\a -> singleton one .*. a == a)) , ( "right id: a .*. singleton one = a" , Unary (\a -> a .*. singleton one == a)) , ("commutative: a .*. b == b .*. a", Binary (\a b -> a .*. b == b .*. a)) ] multiplicativeGroupBasisLaws :: ( Eq (r a) , Epsilon a , Epsilon (r a) , Singleton r , MultiplicativeGroupBasis r a ) => [Law (r a)] multiplicativeGroupBasisLaws = [ ( "basis divide: a ./. a ≈ singleton one" , Unary (\a -> a == singleton zero || (a ./. a) ≈ singleton one)) ] -- | semiring semiringLaws :: (Eq a, Semiring a) => [Law a] semiringLaws = additiveLaws <> distributionLaws <> [ ( "associative: (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)" , Ternary (\a b c -> (a `times` b) `times` c == a `times` (b `times` c))) , ("left id: one * a = a", Unary (\a -> one `times` a == a)) , ("right id: a * one = a", Unary (\a -> a `times` one == a)) ] -- | ring ringLaws :: (Eq a, Ring a) => [Law a] ringLaws = semiringLaws <> additiveGroupLaws -- | starsemiring starSemiringLaws :: (Eq a, StarSemiring a) => [Law a] starSemiringLaws = semiringLaws <> [ ( "star law: star a == one + a `times` star a" , Unary (\a -> star a == one + a `times` star a)) ]