MapReduce as folds This is all just wrapping around Control.Foldl so that it's easier to see the map-reduce structure The Mapping step is broken into 2 parts:

1. unpacking, which could include "melting" or filtering,
2. assigning, which assigns a group to each unpacked item. Could just be choosing a key column(s)

The items are then grouped by key and "reduced"

The reduce step is conceptually simpler, just requiring a function from the (key, grouped data) pair to the result.

Reduce could be as simple as combining the key with a single data row or some very complex function of the grouped data. E.g., reduce could itself be a map-reduce on the grouped data. Since these are folds, we can share work by using the Applicative instance of MapStep (just the Applicative instance of Control.Foldl.Fold) and we will loop over the data only once. The Reduce type is also Applicative so there could be work sharing there as well, especially if you specify your reduce as a Fold. e.g., if your reduce :: (k -> h c -> d) has the form reduce :: k -> FL.Fold c d

We combine these steps with an Engine, resulting in a fold from a container of x to some container of d. The Engine amounts to a choice of grouping algorithm (usually using Data.Map or Data.HashMap) and a choice of computation and result container type. The result container type is used for the intermediate steps as well.

The goal is to make assembling a large family of common map/reduce patterns in a straightforward way. At some level of complication, you may as well write them by hand. An in-between case would be writing the unpack function as a complex hand written filter