module Database.Redis ( -- * How To Use This Module -- | -- Connect to a Redis server: -- -- @ -- -- connects to localhost:6379 -- conn <- 'checkedConnect' 'defaultConnectInfo' -- @ -- -- Connect to a Redis server using TLS: -- -- @ -- -- connects to foobar.redis.cache.windows.net:6380 -- import Network.TLS -- import Network.TLS.Extra.Cipher -- import Data.X509.CertificateStore -- import Data.Default.Class (def) -- (Just certStore) <- readCertificateStore "azure-redis.crt" -- let tlsParams = (defaultParamsClient "foobar.redis.cache.windows.net" "") { clientSupported = def { supportedCiphers = ciphersuite_strong }, clientShared = def { sharedCAStore = certStore } } -- let redisConnInfo = defaultConnectInfo { connectHost = "foobar.redis.cache.windows.net", connectPort = PortNumber 6380, connectTLSParams = Just tlsParams, connectAuth = Just "Foobar!" } -- conn <- checkedConnect redisConnInfo -- @ -- -- Send commands to the server: -- -- @ -- {-\# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings \#-} -- ... -- 'runRedis' conn $ do -- 'set' \"hello\" \"hello\" -- set \"world\" \"world\" -- hello <- 'get' \"hello\" -- world <- get \"world\" -- liftIO $ print (hello,world) -- @ -- -- disconnect all idle resources in the connection pool: -- -- @ -- 'disconnect' 'conn' -- @ -- ** Command Type Signatures -- |Redis commands behave differently when issued in- or outside of a -- transaction. To make them work in both contexts, most command functions -- have a type signature similar to the following: -- -- @ -- 'echo' :: ('RedisCtx' m f) => ByteString -> m (f ByteString) -- @ -- -- Here is how to interpret this type signature: -- -- * The argument types are independent of the execution context. 'echo' -- always takes a 'ByteString' parameter, whether in- or outside of a -- transaction. This is true for all command functions. -- -- * All Redis commands return their result wrapped in some \"container\". -- The type @f@ of this container depends on the commands execution -- context @m@. The 'ByteString' return type in the example is specific -- to the 'echo' command. For other commands, it will often be another -- type. -- -- * In the \"normal\" context 'Redis', outside of any transactions, -- results are wrapped in an @'Either' 'Reply'@. -- -- * Inside a transaction, in the 'RedisTx' context, results are wrapped in -- a 'Queued'. -- -- In short, you can view any command with a 'RedisCtx' constraint in the -- type signature, to \"have two types\". For example 'echo' \"has both -- types\": -- -- @ -- echo :: ByteString -> Redis (Either Reply ByteString) -- echo :: ByteString -> RedisTx (Queued ByteString) -- @ -- -- [Exercise] What are the types of 'expire' inside a transaction and -- 'lindex' outside of a transaction? The solutions are at the very -- bottom of this page. -- ** Lua Scripting -- |Lua values returned from the 'eval' and 'evalsha' functions will be -- converted to Haskell values by the 'decode' function from the -- 'RedisResult' type class. -- -- @ -- Lua Type | Haskell Type | Conversion Example -- --------------|--------------------|----------------------------- -- Number | Integer | 1.23 => 1 -- String | ByteString, Double | \"1.23\" => \"1.23\" or 1.23 -- Boolean | Bool | false => False -- Table | List | {1,2} => [1,2] -- @ -- -- Additionally, any of the Haskell types from the table above can be -- wrapped in a 'Maybe': -- -- @ -- 42 => Just 42 :: Maybe Integer -- nil => Nothing :: Maybe Integer -- @ -- -- Note that Redis imposes some limitations on the possible conversions: -- -- * Lua numbers can only be converted to Integers. Only Lua strings can be -- interpreted as Doubles. -- -- * Associative Lua tables can not be converted at all. Returned tables -- must be \"arrays\", i.e. indexed only by integers. -- -- The Redis Scripting website (<http://redis.io/commands/eval>) -- documents the exact semantics of the scripting commands and value -- conversion. -- ** Automatic Pipelining -- |Commands are automatically pipelined as much as possible. For example, -- in the above \"hello world\" example, all four commands are pipelined. -- Automatic pipelining makes use of Haskell's laziness. As long as a -- previous reply is not evaluated, subsequent commands can be pipelined. -- -- Automatic pipelining is limited to the scope of 'runRedis' call and -- it is guaranteed that every reply expected as a part of 'runRedis' -- execution gets received after 'runRedis` invocation. -- -- To keep memory usage low, the number of requests \"in the pipeline\" is -- limited (per connection) to 1000. After that number, the next command is -- sent only when at least one reply has been received. That means, command -- functions may block until there are less than 1000 outstanding replies. -- -- ** Error Behavior -- | -- [Operations against keys holding the wrong kind of value:] Outside of a -- transaction, if the Redis server returns an 'Error', command functions -- will return 'Left' the 'Reply'. The library user can inspect the error -- message to gain information on what kind of error occured. -- -- [Connection to the server lost:] In case of a lost connection, command -- functions throw a 'ConnectionLostException'. It can only be caught -- outside of 'runRedis'. -- -- [Trying to connect to an unreachable server:] When trying to connect to -- a server that does not exist or can't be reached, the connection pool -- only starts the first connection when actually executing a call to -- the server. This can lead to discovering very late that the server is -- not available, for example when running a server that logs to Redis. -- To prevent this, run a 'ping' command directly after connecting or -- use the 'checkedConnect' function which encapsulates this behavior. -- -- [Exceptions:] Any exceptions can only be caught /outside/ of 'runRedis'. -- This way the connection pool can properly close the connection, making -- sure it is not left in an unusable state, e.g. closed or inside a -- transaction. -- -- * The Redis Monad Redis(), runRedis, unRedis, reRedis, RedisCtx(..), MonadRedis(..), -- * Connection Connection, ConnectError(..), connect, checkedConnect, disconnect, withConnect, withCheckedConnect, ConnectInfo(..), defaultConnectInfo, parseConnectInfo, PortID(..), -- * Commands module Database.Redis.Commands, -- * Transactions module Database.Redis.Transactions, -- * Pub\/Sub module Database.Redis.PubSub, -- * Low-Level Command API sendRequest, Reply(..), Status(..), RedisResult(..), ConnectionLostException(..), ConnectTimeout(..) -- |[Solution to Exercise] -- -- Type of 'expire' inside a transaction: -- -- > expire :: ByteString -> Integer -> RedisTx (Queued Bool) -- -- Type of 'lindex' outside of a transaction: -- -- > lindex :: ByteString -> Integer -> Redis (Either Reply ByteString) -- ) where import Database.Redis.Core import Database.Redis.PubSub import Database.Redis.Protocol import Database.Redis.ProtocolPipelining (PortID(..), ConnectionLostException(..), ConnectTimeout(..)) import Database.Redis.Transactions import Database.Redis.Types import Database.Redis.URL import Database.Redis.Commands