{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-} {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-} {-# LANGUAGE NoMonomorphismRestriction #-} {-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-} {-# LANGUAGE TypeSynonymInstances #-} {-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-} {-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-} {-# LANGUAGE PatternGuards #-} {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} module Language.Fixpoint.Parse ( -- * Top Level Class for Parseable Values Inputable (..) -- * Top Level Class for Parseable Values , Parser -- * Lexer to add new tokens , lexer -- * Some Important keyword and parsers , reserved, reservedOp , parens , brackets, angles, braces , semi , comma , colon , dcolon , whiteSpace , blanks , pairP -- * Parsing basic entities -- fTyConP -- Type constructors , lowerIdP -- Lower-case identifiers , upperIdP -- Upper-case identifiers , symbolP -- Arbitrary Symbols , constantP -- (Integer) Constants , integer -- Integer , bindP -- Binder (lowerIdP <* colon) , sortP -- Sort , mkQual -- constructing qualifiers -- * Parsing recursive entities , exprP -- Expressions , predP -- Refinement Predicates , funAppP -- Function Applications , qualifierP -- Qualifiers , refaP -- Refa , refP -- (Sorted) Refinements , refDefP -- (Sorted) Refinements with default binder , refBindP -- (Sorted) Refinements with configurable sub-parsers , bvSortP -- Bit-Vector Sort -- * Some Combinators , condIdP -- condIdP :: [Char] -> (Text -> Bool) -> Parser Text -- * Add a Location to a parsed value , locParserP , locLowerIdP , locUpperIdP -- * Getting a Fresh Integer while parsing , freshIntP -- * Parsing Function , doParse' , parseFromFile , remainderP -- * Utilities , isSmall ) where import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as M import qualified Data.HashSet as S import qualified Data.Text as T import Data.Maybe (fromJust) import Text.Parsec import Text.Parsec.Expr import Text.Parsec.Language (emptyDef) import qualified Text.Parsec.Token as Token -- import Text.Printf (printf) import GHC.Generics (Generic) import Data.Char (isLower) import Language.Fixpoint.Smt.Bitvector import Language.Fixpoint.Types.Errors import Language.Fixpoint.Misc (tshow, sortNub, thd3) import Language.Fixpoint.Smt.Types --import Language.Fixpoint.Types.Names (headSym) import Language.Fixpoint.Types.Visitor (foldSort, mapSort) import Language.Fixpoint.Types hiding (mapSort) import Text.PrettyPrint.HughesPJ (text, nest, vcat, (<+>)) type Parser = Parsec String Integer -------------------------------------------------------------------- languageDef = emptyDef { Token.commentStart = "/* " , Token.commentEnd = " */" , Token.commentLine = "//" , Token.identStart = satisfy (const False) , Token.identLetter = satisfy (const False) , Token.reservedNames = [ "SAT" , "UNSAT" , "true" , "false" , "mod" , "data" , "Bexp" , "forall" , "exists" , "assume" , "measure" , "module" , "spec" , "where" , "True" , "Int" , "import" , "_|_" , "|" , "if", "then", "else" ] , Token.reservedOpNames = [ "+", "-", "*", "/", "\\", ":" , "<", ">", "<=", ">=", "=", "!=" , "/=" , "mod", "and", "or" --, "is" , "&&", "||" , "~", "=>", "==>", "<=>" , "->" , ":=" , "&", "^", "<<", ">>", "--" , "?", "Bexp" -- , "'" ] } lexer = Token.makeTokenParser languageDef reserved = Token.reserved lexer reservedOp = Token.reservedOp lexer parens = Token.parens lexer brackets = Token.brackets lexer angles = Token.angles lexer semi = Token.semi lexer colon = Token.colon lexer comma = Token.comma lexer whiteSpace = Token.whiteSpace lexer stringLiteral = Token.stringLiteral lexer braces = Token.braces lexer double = Token.float lexer -- integer = Token.integer lexer -- identifier = Token.identifier lexer blanks = many (satisfy (`elem` [' ', '\t'])) integer = posInteger -- try (char '-' >> (negate <$> posInteger)) -- <|> posInteger posInteger = toI <$> (many1 digit <* spaces) where toI :: String -> Integer toI = read ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- Expressions -------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- locParserP :: Parser a -> Parser (Located a) locParserP p = do l1 <- getPosition x <- p l2 <- getPosition return $ Loc l1 l2 x -- FIXME: we (LH) rely on this parser being dumb and *not* consuming trailing -- whitespace, in order to avoid some parsers spanning multiple lines.. condIdP :: S.HashSet Char -> (String -> Bool) -> Parser Symbol condIdP chars f = do c <- letter <|> char '_' cs <- many (satisfy (`S.member` chars)) blanks if f (c:cs) then return (symbol $ c:cs) else parserZero upperIdP :: Parser Symbol upperIdP = condIdP symChars (not . isSmall . head) lowerIdP :: Parser Symbol lowerIdP = condIdP symChars (isSmall . head) isSmall :: Char -> Bool isSmall c = isLower c || c == '_' symCharsP :: Parser Symbol symCharsP = condIdP symChars (`notElem` keyWordSyms) locLowerIdP = locParserP lowerIdP locUpperIdP = locParserP upperIdP symbolP :: Parser Symbol symbolP = symbol <$> symCharsP constantP :: Parser Constant constantP = try (R <$> double) <|> I <$> integer symconstP :: Parser SymConst symconstP = SL . T.pack <$> stringLiteral expr0P :: Parser Expr expr0P = (fastIfP EIte exprP) <|> (ESym <$> symconstP) <|> (ECon <$> constantP) <|> (reserved "_|_" >> return EBot) <|> lamP <|> try (parens exprP) <|> try (parens exprCastP) <|> (charsExpr <$> symCharsP) charsExpr cs | isSmall (headSym cs) = expr cs | otherwise = EVar cs fastIfP f bodyP = do reserved "if" p <- predP reserved "then" b1 <- bodyP reserved "else" b2 <- bodyP return $ f p b1 b2 {- qmIfP f bodyP = parens $ do p <- predP reserved "?" b1 <- bodyP colon b2 <- bodyP return $ f p b1 b2 -} expr1P :: Parser Expr expr1P = try funAppP <|> expr0P exprP :: Parser Expr exprP = buildExpressionParser bops expr1P funAppP = (try litP) <|> (try exprFunSpacesP) <|> (try exprFunSemisP) <|> exprFunCommasP <|> simpleAppP where exprFunSpacesP = mkEApp <$> funSymbolP <*> sepBy1 expr0P blanks exprFunCommasP = mkEApp <$> funSymbolP <*> parens (sepBy exprP comma) exprFunSemisP = mkEApp <$> funSymbolP <*> parenBrackets (sepBy exprP semi) simpleAppP = EApp <$> (parens exprP) <*> (parens exprP) funSymbolP = locParserP symbolP -- | BitVector literal: lit "#x00000001" (BitVec (Size32 obj)) litP = do reserved "lit" l <- stringLiteral t <- sortP return $ ECon $ L (T.pack l) t parenBrackets = parens . brackets bops = [ [ Prefix (reservedOp "-" >> return ENeg)] , [ Infix (reservedOp "*" >> return (EBin Times)) AssocLeft , Infix (reservedOp "/" >> return (EBin Div )) AssocLeft ] , [ Infix (reservedOp "-" >> return (EBin Minus)) AssocLeft , Infix (reservedOp "+" >> return (EBin Plus )) AssocLeft ] , [ Infix (reservedOp "mod" >> return (EBin Mod )) AssocLeft] ] -- eMinus = EBin Minus (expr (0 :: Integer)) -- eCons x xs = EApp (dummyLoc consName) [x, xs] -- eNil = EVar nilName exprCastP = do e <- exprP (try dcolon) <|> colon so <- sortP return $ ECst e so lamP = do reserved "\\" x <- symbolP colon t <- sortP reserved "->" e <- exprP return $ ELam (x, t) e dcolon = string "::" <* spaces varSortP = FVar <$> parens intP funcSortP = parens $ mkFFunc <$> intP <* comma <*> sortsP sortsP = brackets $ sepBy sortP semi sortP :: Parser Sort sortP = sortP' (sepBy sortArgP blanks) sortArgP :: Parser Sort sortArgP = sortP' (return []) {- sortFunP :: Parser Sort sortFunP = try (string "@" >> varSortP) <|> (fTyconSort <$> fTyConP) -} sortP' :: Parser [Sort] -> Parser Sort sortP' appArgsP = try (parens sortP) <|> try (string "func" >> funcSortP) <|> try (fAppTC listFTyCon . single <$> brackets sortP) <|> try bvSortP <|> try (fAppTC <$> fTyConP <*> appArgsP) <|> try (fApp <$> tvarP <*> appArgsP) single x = [x] tvarP :: Parser Sort tvarP = try (string "@" >> varSortP) <|> (FObj . symbol <$> lowerIdP) fTyConP :: Parser FTycon fTyConP = (reserved "int" >> return intFTyCon) <|> (reserved "Integer" >> return intFTyCon) <|> (reserved "Int" >> return intFTyCon) <|> (reserved "int" >> return intFTyCon) <|> (reserved "real" >> return realFTyCon) <|> (reserved "bool" >> return boolFTyCon) <|> (reserved "num" >> return numFTyCon) <|> (symbolFTycon <$> locUpperIdP) bvSortP = mkSort <$> (bvSizeP "Size32" S32 <|> bvSizeP "Size64" S64) bvSizeP ss s = do parens (reserved "BitVec" >> reserved ss) return s keyWordSyms = ["if", "then", "else", "mod"] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Predicates ---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pred0P :: Parser Expr pred0P = trueP <|> falseP <|> try (reserved "??" >> return PGrad) <|> try kvarPredP <|> try (fastIfP pIte predP) <|> try predrP <|> try (parens predP) <|> try (reserved "?" *> exprP) <|> try funAppP <|> try (reservedOp "&&" >> PAnd <$> predsP) <|> try (reservedOp "||" >> POr <$> predsP) -- qmP = reserved "?" <|> reserved "Bexp" trueP, falseP :: Parser Expr trueP = reserved "true" >> return PTrue falseP = reserved "false" >> return PFalse kvarPredP :: Parser Expr kvarPredP = PKVar <$> kvarP <*> substP kvarP :: Parser KVar kvarP = KV <$> (char '$' *> symbolP <* spaces) substP :: Parser Subst substP = mkSubst <$> many (brackets $ pairP symbolP aP exprP) where aP = reserved ":=" predP :: Parser Expr predP = buildExpressionParser lops pred0P predsP = brackets $ sepBy predP semi lops = [ [Prefix (reservedOp "~" >> return PNot)] , [Prefix (reservedOp "not " >> return PNot)] , [Infix (reservedOp "&&" >> return (\x y -> PAnd [x,y])) AssocRight] , [Infix (reservedOp "||" >> return (\x y -> POr [x,y])) AssocRight] , [Infix (reservedOp "=>" >> return PImp) AssocRight] , [Infix (reservedOp "==>" >> return PImp) AssocRight] , [Infix (reservedOp "<=>" >> return PIff) AssocRight]] predrP = do e1 <- exprP r <- brelP e2 <- exprP return $ r e1 e2 brelP :: Parser (Expr -> Expr -> Expr) brelP = (reservedOp "==" >> return (PAtom Eq)) <|> (reservedOp "=" >> return (PAtom Eq)) <|> (reservedOp "~~" >> return (PAtom Ueq)) <|> (reservedOp "!=" >> return (PAtom Ne)) <|> (reservedOp "/=" >> return (PAtom Ne)) <|> (reservedOp "!~" >> return (PAtom Une)) <|> (reservedOp "<" >> return (PAtom Lt)) <|> (reservedOp "<=" >> return (PAtom Le)) <|> (reservedOp ">" >> return (PAtom Gt)) <|> (reservedOp ">=" >> return (PAtom Ge)) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ BareTypes ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- refaP :: Parser Expr refaP = try (pAnd <$> brackets (sepBy predP semi)) <|> predP refBindP :: Parser Symbol -> Parser Expr -> Parser (Reft -> a) -> Parser a refBindP bp rp kindP = braces $ do x <- bp t <- kindP reserved "|" ra <- rp <* spaces return $ t (Reft (x, ra)) -- bindP = symbol <$> (lowerIdP <* colon) bindP = symbolP <* colon optBindP x = try bindP <|> return x refP = refBindP bindP refaP refDefP x = refBindP (optBindP x) --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Parsing Qualifiers --------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- qualifierP tP = do pos <- getPosition n <- upperIdP params <- parens $ sepBy1 (sortBindP tP) comma _ <- colon body <- predP return $ mkQual n params body pos sortBindP = pairP symbolP colon pairP :: Parser a -> Parser z -> Parser b -> Parser (a, b) pairP xP sepP yP = (,) <$> xP <* sepP <*> yP mkQual :: Symbol -> [(Symbol, Sort)] -> Expr -> SourcePos -> Qualifier mkQual n xts p = Q n ((v, t) : yts) (subst su p) where (v, t):zts = gSorts xts -- yts = first mkParam <$> zts yts = zts su = mkSubst $ zipWith (\(z,_) (y,_) -> (z, eVar y)) zts yts -- mkParam :: Symbol -> Symbol -- mkParam s = unsafeTextSymbol ('~' `T.cons` toUpper c `T.cons` cs) -- where -- Just (c,cs) = T.uncons $ symbolSafeText s gSorts :: [(a, Sort)] -> [(a, Sort)] gSorts xts = [(x, substVars su t) | (x, t) <- xts] where su = (`zip` [0..]) . sortNub . concatMap (sortVars . snd) $ xts substVars :: [(Symbol, Int)] -> Sort -> Sort substVars su = mapSort tx where tx (FObj x) | Just i <- lookup x su = FVar i tx t = t sortVars :: Sort -> [Symbol] sortVars = foldSort go [] where go b (FObj x) = x : b go b _ = b --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Parsing Constraints (.fq files) -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Entities in Query File data Def a = Srt Sort | Axm Expr | Cst (SubC a) | Wfc (WfC a) | Con Symbol Sort | Qul Qualifier | Kut KVar | IBind Int Symbol SortedReft deriving (Show, Generic) -- Sol of solbind -- Dep of FixConstraint.dep fInfoP :: Parser (FInfo ()) fInfoP = defsFInfo <$> {-# SCC "many-defP" #-} many defP defP :: Parser (Def ()) defP = Srt <$> (reserved "sort" >> colon >> sortP) <|> Axm <$> (reserved "axiom" >> colon >> predP) <|> Cst <$> (reserved "constraint" >> colon >> {-# SCC "subCP" #-} subCP) <|> Wfc <$> (reserved "wf" >> colon >> {-# SCC "wfCP" #-} wfCP) <|> Con <$> (reserved "constant" >> symbolP) <*> (colon >> sortP) <|> Qul <$> (reserved "qualif" >> qualifierP sortP) <|> Kut <$> (reserved "cut" >> kvarP) <|> IBind <$> (reserved "bind" >> intP) <*> symbolP <*> (colon >> {-# SCC "sortedReftP" #-} sortedReftP) sortedReftP :: Parser SortedReft sortedReftP = refP (RR <$> (sortP <* spaces)) wfCP :: Parser (WfC ()) wfCP = do reserved "env" env <- envP reserved "reft" r <- sortedReftP let [w] = wfC env r () return w subCP :: Parser (SubC ()) subCP = do pos <- getPosition reserved "env" env <- envP reserved "lhs" lhs <- sortedReftP reserved "rhs" rhs <- sortedReftP reserved "id" i <- integer <* spaces tag <- tagP pos' <- getPosition return $ subC' env lhs rhs i tag pos pos' subC' env lhs rhs i tag l l' = case cs of [c] -> c _ -> die $ err sp $ "RHS without single conjunct at" <+> pprint l' where cs = subC env lhs rhs (Just i) tag () sp = SS l l' tagP :: Parser [Int] tagP = reserved "tag" >> spaces >> brackets (sepBy intP semi) envP :: Parser IBindEnv envP = do binds <- brackets $ sepBy (intP <* spaces) semi return $ insertsIBindEnv binds emptyIBindEnv intP :: Parser Int intP = fromInteger <$> integer defsFInfo :: [Def a] -> FInfo a defsFInfo defs = {-# SCC "defsFI" #-} FI cm ws bs lts kts qs mempty mempty False where cm = M.fromList [(cid c, c) | Cst c <- defs] ws = M.fromList [(thd3 $ wrft w, w) | Wfc w <- defs] bs = bindEnvFromList [(n, x, r) | IBind n x r <- defs] lts = fromListSEnv [(x, t) | Con x t <- defs] kts = KS $ S.fromList [k | Kut k <- defs] qs = [q | Qul q <- defs] cid = fromJust . sid -- msg = show $ "#Lits = " ++ (show $ length consts) --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Interacting with Fixpoint -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- fixResultP :: Parser a -> Parser (FixResult a) fixResultP pp = (reserved "SAT" >> return Safe) <|> (reserved "UNSAT" >> Unsafe <$> brackets (sepBy pp comma)) <|> (reserved "CRASH" >> crashP pp) crashP pp = do i <- pp msg <- many anyChar return $ Crash [i] msg predSolP = parens (predP <* (comma >> iQualP)) iQualP = upperIdP >> parens (sepBy symbolP comma) solution1P = do reserved "solution:" k <- kvP reserved ":=" ps <- brackets $ sepBy predSolP semi return (k, simplify $ PAnd ps) where kvP = try kvarP <|> (KV <$> symbolP) solutionP :: Parser (M.HashMap KVar Expr) solutionP = M.fromList <$> sepBy solution1P whiteSpace solutionFileP = (,) <$> fixResultP integer <*> solutionP ------------------------------------------------------------------------ remainderP p = do res <- p str <- getInput pos <- getPosition return (res, str, pos) doParse' parser f s = case runParser (remainderP (whiteSpace >> parser)) 0 f s of Left e -> die $ err (errorSpan e) (dErr e) Right (r, "", _) -> r Right (_, r, l) -> die $ err (SS l l) (dRem r) where dErr e = vcat [ "parseError" <+> tshow e , "when parsing from" <+> text f ] dRem r = vcat [ "doParse has leftover" , nest 4 (text r) , "when parsing from" <+> text f ] errorSpan e = SS l l where l = errorPos e parseFromFile :: Parser b -> SourceName -> IO b parseFromFile p f = doParse' p f <$> readFile f freshIntP :: Parser Integer freshIntP = do n <- getState updateState (+ 1) return n --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Standalone SMTLIB2 commands -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- commandsP = sepBy commandP semi commandP = (reserved "var" >> cmdVarP) <|> (reserved "push" >> return Push) <|> (reserved "pop" >> return Pop) <|> (reserved "check" >> return CheckSat) <|> (reserved "assert" >> (Assert Nothing <$> predP)) <|> (reserved "distinct" >> (Distinct <$> brackets (sepBy exprP comma))) cmdVarP = do x <- bindP t <- sortP return $ Declare x [] t --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Bundling Parsers into a Typeclass -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- class Inputable a where rr :: String -> a rr' :: String -> String -> a rr' _ = rr rr = rr' "" instance Inputable Symbol where rr' = doParse' symbolP instance Inputable Constant where rr' = doParse' constantP instance Inputable Expr where rr' = doParse' exprP instance Inputable (FixResult Integer) where rr' = doParse' $ fixResultP integer instance Inputable (FixResult Integer, FixSolution) where rr' = doParse' solutionFileP instance Inputable (FInfo ()) where rr' = {-# SCC "fInfoP" #-} doParse' fInfoP instance Inputable Command where rr' = doParse' commandP instance Inputable [Command] where rr' = doParse' commandsP {- --------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- Testing --------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- -- A few tricky predicates for parsing -- myTest1 = "((((v >= 56320) && (v <= 57343)) => (((numchars a o ((i - o) + 1)) == (1 + (numchars a o ((i - o) - 1)))) && (((numchars a o (i - (o -1))) >= 0) && (((i - o) - 1) >= 0)))) && ((not (((v >= 56320) && (v <= 57343)))) => (((numchars a o ((i - o) + 1)) == (1 + (numchars a o (i - o)))) && ((numchars a o (i - o)) >= 0))))" -- -- myTest2 = "len x = len y - 1" -- myTest3 = "len x y z = len a b c - 1" -- myTest4 = "len x y z = len a b (c - 1)" -- myTest5 = "x >= -1" -- myTest6 = "(bLength v) = if n > 0 then n else 0" -- myTest7 = "(bLength v) = (if n > 0 then n else 0)" -- myTest8 = "(bLength v) = (n > 0 ? n : 0)" sa = "0" sb = "x" sc = "(x0 + y0 + z0) " sd = "(x+ y * 1)" se = "_|_ " sf = "(1 + x + _|_)" sg = "f(x,y,z)" sh = "(f((x+1), (y * a * b - 1), _|_))" si = "(2 + f((x+1), (y * a * b - 1), _|_))" s0 = "true" s1 = "false" s2 = "v > 0" s3 = "(0 < v && v < 100)" s4 = "(x < v && v < y+10 && v < z)" s6 = "[(v > 0)]" s6' = "x" s7' = "(x <=> y)" s8' = "(x <=> a = b)" s9' = "(x <=> (a <= b && b < c))" s7 = "{ v: Int | [(v > 0)] }" s8 = "x:{ v: Int | v > 0 } -> {v : Int | v >= x}" s9 = "v = x+y" s10 = "{v: Int | v = x + y}" s11 = "x:{v:Int | true } -> {v:Int | true }" s12 = "y : {v:Int | true } -> {v:Int | v = x }" s13 = "x:{v:Int | true } -> y:{v:Int | true} -> {v:Int | v = x + y}" s14 = "x:{v:a | true} -> y:{v:b | true } -> {v:a | (x < v && v < y) }" s15 = "x:Int -> Bool" s16 = "x:Int -> y:Int -> {v:Int | v = x + y}" s17 = "a" s18 = "x:a -> Bool" s20 = "forall a . x:Int -> Bool" s21 = "x:{v : GHC.Prim.Int# | true } -> {v : Int | true }" r0 = (rr s0) :: Pred r0' = (rr s0) :: [Refa] r1 = (rr s1) :: [Refa] e1, e2 :: Expr e1 = rr "(k_1 + k_2)" e2 = rr "k_1" o1, o2, o3 :: FixResult Integer o1 = rr "SAT " o2 = rr "UNSAT [1, 2, 9,10]" o3 = rr "UNSAT []" -- sol1 = doParse solution1P "solution: k_5 := [0 <= VV_int]" -- sol2 = doParse solution1P "solution: k_4 := [(0 <= VV_int)]" b0, b1, b2, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13 :: BareType b0 = rr "Int" b1 = rr "x:{v:Int | true } -> y:{v:Int | true} -> {v:Int | v = x + y}" b2 = rr "x:{v:Int | true } -> y:{v:Int | true} -> {v:Int | v = x - y}" b4 = rr "forall a . x : a -> Bool" b5 = rr "Int -> Int -> Int" b6 = rr "(Int -> Int) -> Int" b7 = rr "({v: Int | v > 10} -> Int) -> Int" b8 = rr "(x:Int -> {v: Int | v > x}) -> {v: Int | v > 10}" b9 = rr "x:Int -> {v: Int | v > x} -> {v: Int | v > 10}" b10 = rr "[Int]" b11 = rr "x:[Int] -> {v: Int | v > 10}" b12 = rr "[Int] -> String" b13 = rr "x:(Int, [Bool]) -> [(String, String)]" -- b3 :: BareType -- b3 = rr "x:Int -> y:Int -> {v:Bool | ((v is True) <=> x = y)}" m1 = ["len :: [a] -> Int", "len (Nil) = 0", "len (Cons x xs) = 1 + len(xs)"] m2 = ["tog :: LL a -> Int", "tog (Nil) = 100", "tog (Cons y ys) = 200"] me1, me2 :: Measure.Measure BareType Symbol me1 = (rr $ intercalate "\n" m1) me2 = (rr $ intercalate "\n" m2) -}