- Certainly true: not false - Certainly true: {1, 2} =!= {2, 1} - Left side: {1, 2} - Right side: {1, 2} - Certainly true: ∃a, b. (a /\ b) =!= (a \/ b) Found example: a = false b = false - Certainly false: ∀a, b. (a /\ b) =!= (a \/ b) Found counterexample: a = false b = true